الكتب المتبناة
Third Edition
1425 AH - 2004 CE
Funds in the Khilafah State (Al-Amwal fi Dowlat Al-Khilafah)
Abdul Qadeem Zallum
The book deals with funds in the Caliphate state and its rulings, clarifying its resources, types, who and what it is taken from, when it is due, how it is collected, and the entity in which it is held and protected. It also clarifies those who are entitled to it and the ways in which it is spent. Since controlling and collecting these funds requires knowledge of lengths, areas, measures, and weights, it addresses what is necessary of that, so that it is clear in every way, in a manner that clarifies its reality and removes ignorance about it. We have evaluated it with the lengths, areas, measures, and weights used today, so that it is easily accessible, far from complication, and close to understanding. Since the monetary aspect has a special importance in the funds in the Caliphate state, because it is linked to Sharia rulings, it presents it, clarifies its reality, the basis on which it was established, the units to which it is attributed, its weights, the problems it faces, and how to address these problems.
مقدمة / Introduction
Since Islam, which God sent with His Messenger Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is a system for life and a message to the world, it was necessary for it to have a state to implement it and carry it to the world. Islam made this state a 'Caliphate state' and made it a distinctive form and a unique style, different from all forms of states in the world: in its pillars on which it is based, its apparatus that it consists of, its constitution, and its laws taken from the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, which the Caliph and the Ummah must adhere to, implement, and abide by its rulings; because it is from the law of God, and not from human legislation. Islam entrusted the Caliphate state to take care of the affairs of the Ummah, and entrusted it to manage the funds coming to the state, and spend them, so that it can take care of the Ummah and carry the Da'wah. The Sharia evidence has clarified the state's financial resources, their types, and how to collect them, as it has clarified those who are entitled to them and the directions of their expenditure.Table of Contents
1.
Opening Verse
2.
Introduction to the Second Edition
3.
Introduction
4.
Bait al-Mal (Treasury) and its Departments
5.
Bait al-Mal (Treasury)
6.
Departments of Bait al-Mal
7.
- The First Establishment of the Departments
8.
Sections of Bait al-Mal Departments
9.
Revenue Section
10.
- Department of Fai' (Booty) and Kharaj (Land Tax)
11.
- Department of Public Property
12.
- Department of Sadaqat (Charities)
13.
Expenditure Section
14.
- Department of the Caliphate House
15.
- Department of State Interests
16.
- Department of Grants
17.
- Department of Jihad
18.
- Department of Sadaqat Expenditures
19.
- Department of Public Property Expenditures
20.
- Department of Emergencies
21.
- Department of the General Budget, Department of Public Accounting
22.
and the Oversight Department
23.
Funds of the Caliphate State
24.
The Funds
25.
Anfal (Spoils of War), Ghanimah (Booty), Fai', and Khums (One-Fifth)
26.
- Anfal and Ghanimah
27.
- Distribution of Ghanimah, its Expenditure Direction, and Those Entitled to It
28.
- Fai'
29.
- Khums
30.
Kharaj (Land Tax)
31.
- Kharaj of Conquest
32.
- Kharaj of Peace
33.
- Combination of Kharaj and Ushr (Tithe)
34.
- The Practical Reality That Must Be Followed Today
35.
- How to Establish Kharaj
36.
- Amount of Kharaj
37.
- Expenditure of Kharaj
38.
Standards of Lengths, Areas, Measures, and Weights
39.
- Lengths and Areas
40.
- Measures and Weights
41.
Jizya (Poll Tax)
42.
- From Whom is Jizya Taken?
43.
- When Does Jizya Fall?
44.
- Amount of Jizya
45.
- Time of Jizya Collection
46.
- Expenditure of Jizya
47.
Public Properties and Their Types
48.
- The First Type of Public Properties
49.
- The Second Type of Public Properties
50.
- The Third Type of Public Properties
51.
- How to Benefit from the Assets of Public Property and Their Revenues
52.
- Borrowing from Foreign Countries
53.
- Protecting Some Assets of Public Property
54.
State Properties of Land, Buildings, Facilities, and Their Revenues
55.
- Types of State Properties
56.
- Exploitation of State Properties
57.
- Facilities
58.
Ushr (Tithes)
59.
- On What is Ushr Taken, and When is it Taken?
60.
Money of Ghulul (Embezzlement) from Rulers and State Employees,
61.
Money of Illicit Earnings, and Money of Fines
62.
- Bribery
63.
- Gifts and Donations
64.
- Funds Seized by Domination and the Power of Authority
65.
- Brokerage and Commission
66.
- Embezzlements
67.
- Fines
68.
Khums of Rikaz (Found Treasure) and Minerals
69.
Money of Those Who Have No Heirs
70.
Money of Apostates
71.
Taxes
72.
Funds of Sadaqat (Charities)
73.
Zakat (Alms)
74.
Zakat on Livestock
75.
- Camels
76.
- Cows
77.
- Sheep
78.
- What is Counted, What is Taken, and What is Not Taken in Zakat on Sheep
79.
- Ruling on Partners in Sheep
80.
Zakat on Crops and Fruits
81.
- Types of Crops and Fruits Subject to Zakat
82.
- Nisab (Minimum Amount) of Crops and Fruits
83.
- Time of Zakat Collection on Grains and Fruits
84.
- Kharas (Estimation) of Fruits
85.
- Amount of Zakat Taken from Crops and Fruits
86.
- How to Collect Sadaqah from Crops and Fruits
87.
Zakat on Silver and Gold
88.
- Amount of Nisab of Silver
89.
- Amount Due in the Nisab of Silver from Zakat
90.
- Amount of Nisab of Gold, and What is Due in it from Zakat
91.
- Zakat on Paper Money
92.
Zakat on Merchandise
93.
- Zakat on Debt
94.
Jewelry
95.
Paying Zakat to the Caliph
96.
- Ruling on Withholding Zakat
97.
Expenditure of Zakat
98.
Money
99.
Money in Islam
100.
- Weights of Dinars and Dirhams
101.
Monetary Systems
102.
The Metallic System
103.
- The Single Metal System
104.
- System of Gold or Silver Coins
105.
- System of Gold or Silver Bullion
106.
- System of Exchange with Gold or Silver
107.
- The Bimetallic System
108.
The Paper System
109.
Issuing Money
110.
- Purity of Gold and Silver
111.
- Ratio of Gold to Silver
112.
Benefits of the Gold and Silver System
113.
- Sufficiency of the Gold in the World
114.
- How to Return to the Gold Standard
خاتمة / Conclusion
To return to the gold standard, the reasons that led to abandoning it and the factors that led to its deterioration must be removed, i.e., the following must be done: 1 - Stop printing paper money. 2 - Return gold coins to circulation. 3 - Remove customs barriers from gold and remove all restrictions on its import and export. 4 - Remove restrictions on owning gold, possessing it, selling it, buying it, and dealing with it in contracts. 5 - Remove restrictions on owning the major currencies in the world, and make competition between them free, until they take a fixed price in relation to each other and in relation to gold, without the intervention of countries by devaluing or floating their currencies. When freedom is left to gold, it will have an open market in a short period of time, and therefore all international currencies will take a fixed exchange rate in relation to gold, and international dealings with gold will find its way into existence, where the values of contracts will be paid for goods whose value is estimated in gold. If these steps are taken by one strong country, its success will encourage other countries to follow it in that; which will lead to progress towards returning the gold standard to the world once again. And no state is more worthy than the Caliphate state to do that; because returning to the gold and silver standard is a Sharia ruling for it, and because the Caliphate state is responsible for the world with the responsibility of guidance and care.
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