
1-10-2025
Radar: The method of choosing a caliph was determined by the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and followed by the honorable companions.
By Dr. Othman Bakhsh
In an extensive interview with Sheikh Muhammad al-Dedew (The Journey Podcast), he discussed a number of old and contemporary jurisprudential issues, and we pause at his statement (minute 62): “The first catastrophe was the death of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and the revelation was at its most intense and vigorous, and he did not write a constitution for us and did not explain the method of appointing, dismissing and holding the caliph accountable. He did not appoint a specific ruler for us. There was a crisis of apostasy that caused the majority of Muslims, then the Companions from the Muhajireen and Ansar gathered in the Saqifa of Bani Saada and were able to find us the best alternative after the Prophethood: the Rightly Guided Caliphate on the path of Prophethood..."
What Sheikh al-Dedew said is a slip of the tongue from him that he should retract... for retracting a mistake is a virtue.
1- His saying, "The Companions gathered after the death of the Messenger in the Saqifa of Bani Saada and were able to find us the best alternative after the Prophethood: the Rightly Guided Caliphate on the path of Prophethood..."...This statement suggests that the honorable Companions, may God be pleased with them, "invented" the Caliphate system...This is a statement that Dr. Muhammad Amara had previously repeated, meaning that Islam did not include a system of government, repeating in that the statement of Taha Hussein in the book of Sheikh Ali Abd al-Raziq (Islam and the Principles of Government), so the Companions invented the Caliphate system, so the Caliphate (according to Taha Hussein) is a circumstantial response from the Companions to fill the vacuum resulting from the death of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him...This is a dangerous statement that jumps over the abundant legal texts in the Book and Sunnah that define the details of the Caliphate system, and the Companions did no more than follow it,...and it is known that the consensus of the Companions is a legal evidence that is used to infer legal rulings, so how did this matter escape Sheikh al-Dedew, may God forgive him!
2- And how can he say that the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, died without writing us a constitution?? He knows full well that the word constitution is a modern word, so how does he want to hold the Messenger accountable for not writing the constitution?? And it was not for someone like Sheikh al-Dedew to be unaware that the religion was completed, and that the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, had fully conveyed the revelation to us, and not that he died suddenly before completing the delivery of the revelation? The legal texts did not leave anything unsaid except that God's judgment was clarified in it until the Day of Judgment...
3- The texts are abundant about the method of choosing the Caliph, as the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, explained it, and the Rightly Guided Caliphs, may God be pleased with them and all the Companions, followed it. The method is the Pledge of Allegiance, and a number of authentic hadiths have been mentioned in it that are not unknown to anyone who has the slightest knowledge of the Prophetic Sunnah, and the Rightly Guided Caliphs followed its guidance, so the Pledge of Allegiance was given to Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, then Omar, then Othman, then Ali... and none of them became a Caliph except according to the Pledge of Allegiance, and its events are known and documented and not unknown... so it is not correct to say that the Messenger did not explain to us the method of appointing the Caliph.
This includes what Muslim narrated
- On the authority of Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-Aas, that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "...Whoever pledges allegiance to an imam and gives him the sincerity of his hand and the fruit of his heart, then let him obey him if he is able, and if another comes to dispute with him, then strike the neck of the other."
- On the authority of Nafi', he said: Abdullah bin Omar said to me, I heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever withdraws a hand from obedience will meet God on the Day of Resurrection with no argument for him, and whoever dies and there is no Pledge of Allegiance on his neck dies a death of ignorance."
4- It is distressing to see such a statement issued from a scholar whom we consider to be on the right path, so he should correct what was issued from him, as retracting a mistake is a virtue. May God guide us to the most righteous of our affairs.
- And on the authority of Abu Hurairah, on the authority of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, he said: "The Children of Israel were governed by the prophets, every time a prophet perished, he was succeeded by a prophet, and there is no prophet after me, and there will be caliphs and they will be many. They said: What do you command us? He said: Fulfill the Pledge of Allegiance to the first, then the first, and give them their rights, for God will ask them about what they were entrusted with." The Pledge of Allegiance is from the Muslims to the Caliph, and not from the Caliph to the Muslims. They are the ones who pledge allegiance to him, meaning they establish him as a ruler over them. What happened with the Rightly Guided Caliphs is that they only took the Pledge of Allegiance from the nation, and they did not become Caliphs except through the Pledge of Allegiance of the nation to them.
5- The Caliphate is a complete political system based on a Pledge of Allegiance with the consent and choice of the Muslims to the person of the Caliph, and this Pledge of Allegiance obliges both parties to submit to the sovereignty of the Sharia, and the first sermon of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, said in it: "Obey me as long as I obey God and His Messenger, and if I disobey God and His Messenger, then there is no obedience for me upon you"...The Pledge of Allegiance obliges both parties to obey God and His Messenger and not to deviate from that, so the statement that Islam did not explain the method of appointing, dismissing and holding the Caliph accountable as stated in the word of Sheikh al-Dedew is not acceptable.
Source: Radar
