انهيار البنوك والمشاكل التي تتسببها الرأسمالية
April 02, 2023

انهيار البنوك والمشاكل التي تتسببها الرأسمالية

انهيار البنوك والمشاكل التي تتسببها الرأسمالية

أعلن عن انهيار أحد أكبر البنوك في أمريكا وهو بنك سيلكون فالي يوم 10/3/2023، واعتبر انهياره من أكبر الانهيارات التي تصيب البنوك في تاريخ أمريكا. وتبعه انهيارات في بنوك أخرى هناك، واهتزت سوق الأسهم، وتأثرت بنوك أوروبية وآسيوية وأسواق الأسهم في العالم. فأعلن عن انهيار بنك كريدي سويس، وساد التوتر الأسواق المالية يوم 24/3/2023 وانخفضت قيمة أسهم المؤسسات المالية في كل العالم، فأعلن عن انخفاض أسهم البنك المركزي الألماني دويتشه بنك بنسبة 14%. وتدخلت السلطات في أمريكا وسويسرا مع بنوكها المركزية للقيام بعملية الإنقاذ ودفعت بنوكا لتستحوذ على البنوك المنهارة.

هكذا تطايرت شرارات تنذر باندلاع أزمة مالية جديدة تتفجر دائما في رأس أمريكا قلعة الرأسمالية وقائدة دولها. علما أن أزمة 2008 التي تفجرت في عاصمتها المالية نيويورك قد تركت آثارا بالغة ولم تتخلص أمريكا والدول الرأسمالية نهائيا من تداعياتها. والخطأ بل الفساد والبطلان في النظام الرأسمالي نفسه في أسسه وما تفرع عنه، ونتناول ثلاث مشاكل فقط من المشاكل التي يتسببها هذا النظام:

الأولى: الربا، فعندما رفعت أمريكا النسبة الربوية صار من الصعب على المبتدئين في صناعة التكنولوجيا اقتراض المال، وجعل المودعين يسحبون أموالهم بوتيرة سريعة، فافتقد بنك وادي السيلكون السيولة النقدية، فأراد توفيرها عبر بيع الأسهم ومن ثم عرض نفسه للبيع. فالربا مشكلة بحد ذاتها، وأضرارها بالغة جدا على المستقرضين، وإن كان المقرضون والمودعون يستفيدون منها ولكنهم في حالات يخسرون، ففي مثل هذه الحالة تعلن البنوك عدم قدرتها على توفير السيولة، وتحت وطأة مثل هذه الأزمة إما أن ينهار البنك ويعلن إفلاسه فتضيع كثير من أموال المودعين، وإما أن تمنع الناس من سحب أموالهم وتوضع قيود على ذلك كما حدث في أزمة البنك هذا، بأن منعوا السحب لأكثر من مبلغ معين. ومثل ذلك حادث في لبنان، فلا يستطيع الناس سحب أموالهم ولا تمويل مشاريعهم وتسديد مصاريفهم.

والرأسماليون يرون في الربا استثمارا للأموال وطريقة مربحة، ولهذا يعرض كثير من الناس عن استثمار أموالهم في الاقتصاد الحقيقي مثل إقامة مشاريع في البناء والإعمار والصناعات والحرف والقيام بأعمال تجارية وصناعية وزراعية. فتكدس الأموال في البنوك، وهذا يسبب عدم تداول المال بين أيدي الناس ويؤدي إلى حدوث البطالة، فلا تشغل الأيدي العاملة ولا يجد كثير من الناس أعمالا ليقوموا بها ويكسبوا مالا كافيا لسد حاجاتهم الأساسية والضرورية، بعيدا عن الحاجات الكمالية والتي هي صعبة المنال بالنسبة لهم.

فخفض النسبة الربوية أو رفعها لا يعالج المشكلة قطعا، وإنما الذي يعالج المشكلة هو القضاء على كل أشكال الربا. فبعد تفجر الأزمة المالية عام 2008 فإن أمريكا وأوروبا لمعالجة الأزمة خفضت النسبة الربوية إلى ما تحت 1% في البنوك المركزية لدعم البنوك التي تقرض أصحاب المشاريع بنسبة ربوية أعلى لتحقق أرباحا وتنقذ نفسها. ولكن المشكلة لم تعالج. ومن ثم بدأت ترفعها حتى بلغت ما فوق 4% لمعالجة مسألة التضخم، فتسببت بمشاكل جديدة. ومثلا تركيا أردوغان بدأت ترفع النسبة الربوية حتى بلغت 24% ولكنها لم تستطع معالجة مشاكلها، ومن ثم بدأت بخفضها حتى وصلت إلى 8,5% ولكن المشكلة ما زالت قائمة. وهكذا في كل بلد تقريبا. وهكذا يعمل الرأسماليون على معالجة المشاكل بالترقيع. فيرقع من جهة فينفرط من جهة أخرى. وهكذا تبقى البلاد في أزمات فيشقى الناس معها، ويعيشون في شقاء دائم حتى يأتيهم أجلهم.

والمشكلة الثانية: سوق الأسهم المالية للشركات المساهمة؛ فهذا نظام باطل وفاسد. فالشركات المساهمة باطلة شرعا. تطرح الشركات المساهمة أسهما جديدة في السوق كلما زادت أرباحها أو سمعتها، فتجمع أموالا طائلة من الناس لتزيد من ثرواتها، وفي أية لحظة تنخفض أسعار الأسهم أو تسقط عندما لا تحقق الأرباح الكافية أو تسوء سمعتها، فبنك سيلكون فالي عندما رأى الناس أنه لم يستطع توفير السيولة ساءت سمعته وضعفت الثقة فيه، وعندئذ انخفضت قيمة أسهمه، فتأثرت بنوك أخرى به كما تأثرت سوق الأسهم كلها في أمريكا وفي كل بلد، وانخفضت أسعارها فتسببت بخسائر للمستثمرين في سوق الأسهم. وكثير من الأحيان تسقط إلى الصفر كما يحدث في كثير من الشركات فتعلن إفلاسها. ففي عام 2008 كانت قيمة الأسهم في شركة ليمان براذر تبلغ 600 مليار دولار، فبدأت تهوي حتى تبخرت كل هذه الأموال، فخسر الكثير أموالهم، ومثلها آلاف الشركات الصغيرة والكبيرة انهارت في أمريكا وأوروبا. فكثير من الناس بفعل تطبيق النظام الرأسمالي عليهم وبفعل الدعاية الكاذبة، عندما يريدون أن يستثمروا أموالهم يتجهون نحو سوق الأسهم فيشترون أسهما ليربحوا عليها، ولا يتجهون نحو الاقتصاد الحقيقي ويستثمرون في إقامة المشاريع الحقيقية فيتاجرون ويبنون المصانع ويفلحون الأرض ويطورون الصناعات والتكنولوجيا وغير ذلك، ويؤسسون شركات إسلامية من مضاربة ومفاوضة ووجوه وعنان وأبدان.

والمشكلة الثالثة: التضخم وتضاعف أسعار السلع والخدمات التي تؤدي إلى ضعف القدرة الشرائية لدى الناس وحرمانهم من كثير مما يحتاجونه وكذلك تؤدي إلى مزيد من الفقر والمجاعة لدى آخرين وخاصة في البلاد الفقيرة. فتنشأ من انخفاض قيمة العملة وخاصة فيما يسمى العالم الثالث، وهي الدول الفقيرة المحكومة للدول الكبرى. وتنشأ في أحيان، كما هو حاصل في الدول الرأسمالية الكبرى، لجشع التجار وخاصة الشركات الكبرى والتذرع بحصول الأزمات كما حدث مؤخرا في أزمة كورونا وأزمة أوكرانيا، والدول لا تعمل على معالجتها العلاج الصحيح، بل هي تستفيد منها لجمع المزيد من الضرائب، وتذهب إلى رفع النسبة الربوية لمعالجتها. فتعالج الخطأ بالخطأ. فالشركة حتى تدخل سوق الأسهم أو تحافظ على بقائها فيه تضع سقفا للأرباح التي ستجنيها. فيكون هدفها حصد الأرباح الطائلة، وبذلك ترفع الأسعار وتقلل الأيدي العاملة فيها للتقليل من المصاريف. فإذا لم تحقق هذه الأرباح تعتبر نفسها خاسرة ولو كانت رابحة، وبذلك لا تستطيع أن تطرح أسهما جديدة لتجمع أموالا جديدة. فشركات النفط والغاز والكهرباء، كما حصل مؤخرا، رفعت الأسعار لتجني المزيد من الأرباح علما أن لديها أرباحا طائلة، وذلك لترفع من قيمة أسهمها أو لتطرح أسهما جديدة، فكل الأعمال تقريبا تعتمد على الطاقة، وبالتالي تزيد الكلفة على المنتجين والبائعين فيرفعون الأسعار فيتضرر عامة الناس، وأكثرهم من محدودي الدخل ومن الفقراء والمحرومين.

فنرى في كثير من البلدان الرأسمالية كما حصل مؤخرا في أمريكا وأوروبا يريدون معالجة التضخم برفع نسبة الربا، ونلاحظ أن ذلك لم يعالج الموضوع قطعا، وباقي بلدان العالم تتأثر بها أو تتبعها وتتبع مؤسساتها المالية وتنفذ تعليماتها ومعالجاتها. فالعلاج أولا التخلي عن النظام الرأسمالي تماما، والتخلي عن التبعية لدوله ومؤسساته المالية وغير المالية، ومن ثم تحريم الربا مهما قل أو كثر، وتحريم الشركات المساهمة وإغلاق سوق الأسهم المالية، وهذا لا يتأتى إلا بتطبيق نظام الإسلام، فيقوم المسلم بإقراض أخيه بدون ربا، رغبة في الثواب.

وفي دولة الخلافة يقرض بيت المال الناس بدون ربا. وتعمل الدولة على اتباع سياسة الاكتفاء الذاتي وعدم الارتباط بالخارج إلا بمعاهدات تجارية مضبوطة، فلا تسمح للشركات العابرة للقارات بدخولها والاستثمار فيها وهذا يعني رفض العولمة والحيلولة دون التأثر بما يحدث من أزمات في البلدان الأخرى. والدولة تقوم بمشاريع فيما يدخل في ملكيتها وفي الملكية العامة وتشغل شركات بأجر دون إعطائها امتيازا أو مشاركتها في المشاريع. فمثلا تشغل شركات خاصة أسسها رعاياها في أمور متعددة من حفر وتنقيب ومد مواسير وغير ذلك أو ماكيناتها لاستخراج النفط مقابل أجر، ولكن النفط يكون كله بيد الدولة تتصرف به كما يملي عليها الشرع في توزيعه وبيعه. وأما ما يدخل في الملكية الخاصة فهو مجال واسع للجميع من رعايا الدولة للقيام بالأعمال والمشاريع الاقتصادية الحقيقية، فيستثمرون أموالهم فيها ويشغلون الأيدي العاملة فيقضون على البطالة. وتصبح الأسعار معتدلة يتمكن كل شخص من تأمين حاجاته الأساسية والكمالية. بجانب ثبات العملة عندما تكون مستندة إلى الذهب والفضة وبذلك يحيا الناس حياة طيبة عندما يلتزمون بأحكام الإسلام في ظلال دولة الخلافة الراشدة التي تطبق هذه الأحكام وتشرف على تطبيقها وتلزم الناس بها وتعاقب المخالفين.

﴿مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحاً مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَاةً طَيِّبَةً وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَجْرَهُم بِأَحْسَنِ مَا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ﴾

كتبه للمكتب الإعلامي المركزي لحزب التحرير

أسعد منصور

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Do not be deceived by names, for the essence lies in actions, not lineage

Do not be deceived by names, for the essence lies in actions, not lineage

Every time we are presented with a "new symbol" with Muslim roots or Eastern features, many Muslims cheer, and hopes are built on an illusion called "political representation" in an infidel system that does not recognize Islam as a ruling system, a creed, or a law.

We all remember the overwhelming joy that swept through the feelings of many when Obama won in 2008. He is the son of Kenya, and he has a Muslim father! Here, some imagined that Islam and Muslims had become close to American influence, but Obama was one of the most harmful presidents to Muslims. He destroyed Libya, contributed to the tragedy of Syria, and ignited Afghanistan and Iraq with his planes and soldiers. Rather, he was the blood shedder in Yemen through his tools, and his era was a continuation of a systematic hostility against the nation.

Today, the scene is repeated, but with new names. Zohran Mamdani is celebrated because he is a Muslim, an immigrant, and a young man, as if he is the savior! But only a few look at his political and intellectual positions. This man is a strong supporter of homosexuals, participates in their activities, and considers their deviation a human right!

What a shame that people pin their hopes on this?! Wasn't it a repetition of the same political and intellectual disappointment that the nation has fallen into time and time again?! Yes, because it is captivated by appearance, not essence! Deceived by smiles, and deals with emotion, not creed, with names, not concepts, and with symbols, not principles!

This fascination with appearances and names is the result of the absence of legitimate political awareness, because Islam is not measured by origin, name, or race, but by commitment to the principle of Islam in its entirety; as a system, creed, and law. A Muslim who does not rule by Islam or support it has no value, but rather submits to the infidel capitalist system and justifies infidelity and deviations in the name of "freedom".

Let all Muslims who rejoiced in his victory and thought that he was a seed of good or the beginning of revival know that revival does not come from within systems of disbelief, nor with their tools, nor through their ballot boxes, nor under the ceiling of their constitutions.

Whoever presents himself through the democratic system, swears to respect its laws, then defends and celebrates homosexuality, and calls for what angers God, is not a supporter of Islam or a hope for the nation, but rather a tool for polishing and diluting, and a false representation that does not advance or delay anything.

The so-called political successes in the West for some personalities with Islamic names are nothing but crumbs presented as painkillers to the nation, to be told: Look, change is possible through our systems.

 So what is the reality of this "representation"?

The West does not open the doors of rule to Islam, but only opens them to those who identify with its values and ideas. Anyone who enters their system must accept their constitution and their man-made laws, and renounce the rule of Islam. If he agrees to that, he becomes an acceptable model, but the true Muslim is rejected by them from his roots.

So who is Zohran Mamdani? And why is this illusion being created?

He is a person who carries a Muslim name but adopts a deviant agenda that is completely contrary to the nature of Islam, from supporting homosexuals and promoting what is called their "rights". He is a living example of how the West makes its models: Muslim in name, secular in reality, a servant of the Western liberal agenda, nothing more. Rather, to distract the nation from its true path. Instead of demanding the state of Islam and the Caliphate, it is preoccupied with parliamentary seats and positions in systems of disbelief! Instead of heading to liberate Palestine, it waits for someone to "defend Gaza" from inside the American Congress or the European Parliament!

The truth of the matter is that this is a distortion of the true path of change, which is the establishment of the Rightly Guided Caliphate on the Prophetic method, which raises the banner of Islam, establishes the law of God, and unites the nation behind one Caliph who is fought from behind and feared.

So do not be deceived by names, and do not rejoice in those who belong to you in form and disagree with you in content, for not everyone who bears the name Saeed, Ali, or Zohran is on the path of our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Know that change does not come from within the parliaments of disbelief, but from the armies of the nation that have come to move, and from its conscious youth who work day and night to turn the tables on the West and its aides and its treacherous followers in the lands of Islam and the Muslims.

Muslims will not rise through democratic elections or through Western ballot boxes, but through a real renaissance based on the Islamic creed, by establishing the Rightly Guided Caliphate that restores Islam's status, Muslims' dignity, and shatters the illusions of democracy.

Do not be deceived by names, and do not pin your hopes on individuals in systems of disbelief, but return to your great project: the resumption of Islamic life, for this alone is the path to glory, victory, and empowerment.

The scene is a humiliating repetition of old tragedies: false symbols, loyalty to Western regimes, and deviation from the path of Islam. Everyone who applauds this path is misleading the nation. Return to the Caliphate project, and do not let the enemies of Islam make your leaders and representatives for you. Glory is not in the seats of democracy, but in the saddle of the Caliphate, for which Hizb ut-Tahrir works and warns the nation against this intellectual and political decline. There is no salvation for us except with the state of the Caliphate, which does not allow Muslims to be ruled by those who profess a religion other than Islam, nor by those who justify deviance and perversion, nor by those who legislate for people other than what God has revealed.

Written for the Central Media Office of Hizb ut-Tahrir

Abdul Mahmoud Al-Ameri - Yemen Province

Egypt Between Government Slogans and Bitter Reality: The Full Truth About Poverty and Capitalist Policies

Egypt Between Government Slogans and Bitter Reality

The Full Truth About Poverty and Capitalist Policies

Al-Ahram Gate reported on Tuesday, November 4, 2025, that the Egyptian Prime Minister, in a speech delivered on behalf of the President at the Second World Summit for Social Development in Doha, Qatar, said that Egypt is implementing a comprehensive approach to eliminate poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including "multidimensional poverty."

For years, official speeches in Egypt have rarely been devoid of phrases such as "a comprehensive approach to eliminating poverty" and "the real launch of the Egyptian economy." Officials repeat these slogans at conferences and events, accompanied by glossy images of investment projects, hotels, and resorts. But the reality, as evidenced by international reports, is quite different. Poverty in Egypt remains a deeply rooted, and even worsening, phenomenon, despite repeated government promises of improvement and renaissance.

According to reports by UNICEF, ESCWA, and the World Food Programme for 2024 and 2025, about one in five Egyptians lives in multidimensional poverty, meaning they are deprived of more than one aspect of basic life, such as education, health, housing, work, and services. The data also confirms that more than 49% of families suffer from difficulties in obtaining sufficient food, a shocking figure that reflects the depth of the living crisis.

As for financial poverty, i.e., low income compared to the costs of living, it has risen sharply as a result of successive waves of inflation that have eroded people's wages, efforts, and savings, until a large percentage of Egyptians are below the financial poverty line despite their constant work.

While the government talks about initiatives such as "Takaful and Karama" and "Decent Life," international figures reveal that these programs have not radically changed the structure of poverty, but have been limited to temporary palliatives similar to a drop poured into the desert. The Egyptian countryside, where more than half of the population lives, still suffers from poor services, a lack of decent job opportunities, and dilapidated infrastructure. The ESCWA report confirms that deprivation in the countryside is several times greater than in the cities, which indicates poor distribution of wealth and chronic neglect of the peripheries.

When the Prime Minister thanks the citizen "who has endured with the government the measures of economic reform," he is in fact acknowledging the existence of real suffering resulting from these policies. However, this acknowledgment is not followed by a change in approach, but rather a continuation on the same capitalist path that caused the crisis.

The alleged reform that began in 2016 with the "floatation" program, raising subsidies, and increasing taxes, was not a reform but rather a burdening of the poor with the cost of debts and deficits. At a time when officials are talking about "the launch," huge investments are going to luxury real estate and tourism projects that serve the owners of capital, while millions of young people find no opportunities for work or housing. Indeed, many of these projects, such as the Alam El Roum area in Matrouh, whose investments are estimated at $29 billion, are foreign capitalist partnerships that acquire land and wealth and turn them into a source of profit for investors, not a source of livelihood for the people.

The regime fails not only because it is corrupt, but because it follows a false intellectual basis, which is the capitalist system, which makes money the focus of all state policies. Capitalism is based on absolute freedom of ownership, and allows the accumulation of wealth in the hands of the few who own the means of production, while the many bear the burden of taxes, prices, and public debt.

Therefore, all so-called "social protection programs" are merely an attempt to beautify the brutal face of capitalism, and to prolong the life of an unjust system that takes into account the rich and collects from the poor. Instead of addressing the root of the disease; i.e., the monopoly of wealth and the dependence of the economy on international institutions, it is sufficient to distribute crumbs of cash aid, which do not alleviate poverty or preserve dignity.

Care is not a favor from the ruler to the ruled, but a legitimate duty, and a responsibility for which God will hold him accountable in this world and the hereafter. What is happening today is a deliberate neglect of people's affairs, and an abandonment of the duty of care in favor of conditional loans from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

The state has become an intermediary between the poor and the foreign creditor, imposing taxes, reducing subsidies, and selling public property to cover a swollen deficit created by the capitalist system itself. In all of this, the legitimate concepts that regulate the economy are absent, such as the prohibition of usury, the prevention of the ownership of public wealth by individuals, and the obligation to spend on the people from the treasury of the Muslims.

Islam has presented an integrated economic system that addresses poverty at its roots, not just with cash support or cosmetic projects. This system is based on fixed legitimate foundations, the most prominent of which are:

1- Prohibiting usury and usurious debts that shackle the state and drain its resources. By eliminating usury, the dependence of the economy on international institutions will disappear, and the financial sovereignty of the nation will be restored.

2- Making ownership three types:

Individual ownership: such as houses, shops, and private farms...

Public ownership: includes major wealth such as oil, gas, minerals, and water...

State ownership: such as fay' lands, rikaz, and kharaj...

With this distribution, justice is achieved, as a small group is prevented from monopolizing the nation's resources.

3- Guaranteeing sufficiency for every individual of the people: The state guarantees for every person in its care their basic needs of food, clothing, and housing. If they are unable to work, the treasury must spend on them.

4- Zakat and mandatory spending: Zakat is not a charity, but an obligation, collected by the state and spent in its legitimate channels for the poor, the needy, and the debtors. It is an effective distribution tool that returns money to the cycle of life in society.

Along with stimulating productive work and preventing exploitation, and urging investment of resources in real beneficial projects such as heavy and military industries, not in speculation, luxury real estate and fictitious projects. In addition to adjusting prices with real supply and demand, not with monopoly or floatation.

The Khilafah state on the method of Prophethood is the only one capable of applying these provisions practically, because it is built on the basis of Islamic creed, and its goal is to care for people's affairs, not to collect their money. Under the Khilafah, there is no usury or conditional loans, and no sale of public wealth to foreigners, but resources are managed in a way that achieves the interest of the nation, and the treasury finances health care, education, and public facilities from state resources, kharaj, anfal, and public property.

As for the poor, their basic needs are guaranteed individually, not through temporary charity but as a guaranteed legitimate right. Therefore, fighting poverty in Islam is not a political slogan, but an integrated system of life that establishes justice, prevents injustice, and returns wealth to its people.

Between the official discourse and the lived reality is a huge distance that is not hidden from anyone. While the government boasts of its "giant" projects and the "real launch," millions of Egyptians live below the poverty line, suffering from high prices, unemployment, and a lack of hope. The truth is that this suffering will not disappear as long as Egypt continues on the path of capitalism, surrendering its economy to usurers and submitting to the policies of international institutions.

The crises and problems of Egypt are human problems and not material ones, and they relate to legitimate rulings that show how to deal with them and treat them on the basis of Islam, and the solutions are easier than turning a blind eye, but they need a sincere administration that has a free will that wants to walk in the right path and truly wants good for Egypt and its people, and then this administration must review all the contracts that were previously concluded and that are concluded with all the companies that monopolize the assets of the country and what is of its public ownership, and at the forefront are companies exploring for gas, oil, gold and the rest of the minerals and wealth, and expel all those companies because they are originally colonial companies plundering the wealth of the country, then formulate a new covenant based on enabling people to access the country's wealth and establishing or leasing companies that are based on producing wealth from the sources of oil, gas, gold and other minerals and redistribute these wealth to the people again, then people will be able to cultivate the dead land that the state will enable them to exploit with their right in it, and they will also be able to manufacture what must be manufactured to raise the economy of Egypt and suffice its people, and the state will support them in this way, and all this is not a figment of the imagination or impossible to happen or a project that we present for experimentation that may succeed or fail, but it is legitimate rulings that are necessary and binding on the state and the people, so the state may not give up the wealth of the country that is owned by the people under the pretext of contracts approved and supported by unjust international laws, and it may not prevent people from it, but it must cut off every hand that extends plundering to the wealth of the people, this is what Islam offers and must be implemented, but it is not applied in isolation from the rest of the systems of Islam, but it is only applied through the Rashidun Khilafah state on the method of Prophethood, this state whose concern and call for is carried by Hizb ut-Tahrir and calls on Egypt and its people, people and army, to work with it for its sake, may God write the conquest from Him, so we see it a reality that honors Islam and its people, O God, sooner rather than later.

﴿If the people of the towns had but believed and been righteous, We would have opened for them blessings from heaven and earth.﴾

Written for the Central Media Office of Hizb ut-Tahrir

Saeed Fadl

Member of the Media Office of Hizb ut-Tahrir in the Wilayah of Egypt