جريدة الراية: دلالات قمة منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون
July 09, 2019

جريدة الراية: دلالات قمة منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون

Al Raya sahafa

2019-07-10

جريدة الراية: دلالات قمة منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون

عقدت قمة منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون في بيشكيك يومي 13 و14 حزيران/يونيو. ونشرت وسائل الإعلام مجموعة واسعة من المعلومات حول هذا الموضوع بالتكييف مع مصالحهم. ونحن نود أن نلفت الانتباه إلى بعض الحقائق التي لم يتم الكشف عنها.

بادئ ذي بدء، فلنلق نظرة على مقترحات رؤساء الدول في القمة.

 قال الرئيس الصيني شي جين بينغ إن الاقتصاد الإقليمي يجب أن يكون أكثر انفتاحاً وتسامحاً ومرونة مقارنة مع السابق. كما دعا إلى استمرار التجارة وجذب الاستثمار. ولفت النظر إلى تهيئة الظروف للاحتلال الاقتصادي الصيني.

وقال: "يجب علينا أن نؤيد "روح شنغهاي" كقيمة أساسية؛ لأنها لا بد أن تستجيب لروح الزمن والوضع المتغير الدولي". وأكد أن الصين يمكنها التأثير على الوضع الدولي من خلال قيادة منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون.

والرئيس الروسي فلاديمير بوتين حوَّل الكلمة إلى القضية الأمنية؛ لأن هدف روسيا من إنشاء منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون هو مقاومة التحركات الاستعمارية الأمريكية. ولذلك يحاول بوتين استعادة المنظمة لهذا الهدف.

وقال: "نحن نعتقد أنه من المهم اتخاذُ جميع الاحتياطات لتطوير التعاون في إطار مقاومة (الإرهاب) لمنظمة شنغهاي للتعاون وإيقافُ تمويل (الإرهاب) عبر تهريب المخدرات، ومنعُ وصول أسلحة الدمار الشامل الكيميائية والبيولوجية وغيرها إلى أيديهم".

وقد قصد الرئيس الروسي منها المواجهة ضد أمريكا التي تريد إيجاد عدم الاستقرار في المنطقة باستخدام بعض المنظمات. لأن "مجيّر الإرهاب" ومُستخدِم أسلحة الدمار الشامل ضد المدنيين هي أمريكا وروسيا نفسيهما، وقد شاهدنا هذا بِأَعيُنِنَا في العراق وسوريا.

وقال بوتين أيضاً: "إن روسيا ترحب بأمُورٍ تمت بالتعاون الوثيق مع الدول الأعضاء في المنظمة لمنع دعاية (الإرهاب) والتطرف عبر الإنترنت"، وأشار بقوله هذا أولا إلى الصراع العقدي مع الإسلام، وثانياً، إلى مواجهة التأثير الأمريكي على الإنترنت، كما أشار إلى أن روسيا دولة ذات شهرة عالمية. وحاول إظهار روسيا كأنها تحل مشاكل العالم، ومع ذلك أراد أن يلفت النظر إلى أن روسيا تستحق قيادة منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون. وقد تناول بوتين "النجاحات" التي أحرزتها روسيا في سوريا، وفي الواقع فإن روسيا دخلت سوريا بطلب من أمريكا. كما تناول بوتين القضية الإيرانية وفي الحقيقة أيضا أن حلها ليس في يد روسيا.

والرئيس الإيراني لم يأت إلى القمة ليطلب المساعدة من روسيا، بل أتى رجاء التخلص من الضغوط الاقتصادية الأمريكية ولا تستطيع روسيا مساعدة إيران في هذا الموضوع، لأن روسيا وإيران تعيشان بتصدير النفط والغاز. ولذلك إيران أتت رجاء من الصين في هذه المسألة.

قال بوتين: "نريد تركيز الاهتمام على تعميق العلاقات الاقتصادية المفيدة بين الدول الأعضاء". واقترح أيضاً إنشاء "منتدى" داخل منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون لتوسيع التجارة والاستثمار.

هذا يعني أن لدى روسيا اعترافا جبريا لاحتلال الصين الاقتصادي في المنطقة. وفي الواقع ليس لروسيا خيار سوى الاعتراف بذلك. لأن اعتماد روسيا من الناحية الاقتصادية على الصين يزداد. على سبيل المثال فإن الصين تحتل مركز الصدارة بالنسبة لروسيا في الميزان التجاري (الصادرات والواردات). وفي عام 2018 تجاوز حجم التجارة الثنائية 100 مليار دولار. وصادرات روسيا إلى الصين هي المنتجات المعدنية (76٪)، والمنتجات الخشبية والورقية (11٪). وواردات روسيا من الصين هي الآلات والمعدات ووسائل النقل (57٪) والمنسوجات والأحذية (11٪) والمنتجات الكيماوية (10٪). وقد وافقت هذه الدول على زيادة حجم التجارة إلى 200 مليار دولار في المنتدى الاقتصادي في بطرسبرغ. وهذا ما يُري أن روسيا تحتاج الصين اقتصاديا.

ويدل على ذلك تصريحُ بوتين: "نحن نعتقد أن مقارنة الاتحاد الاقتصادي الأوروبي الآسيوي مع البرنامج الصيني "مكان واحد، طريق واحد" واعِدةٌ في المستقبل".

وأما بالنسبة للقضايا التي اقترحها حكام البلاد الإسلامية فنرى أنهم يتبعون المستعمرين الكافرين في محاربتهم الإسلام ويتملقون الصين وروسيا للدفاع عن سيادتهم.

فقد قال الرئيس الكازاخستاني قاسم جومارت توكاييف: "إن مشكلة (الإرهاب) لها شبكة عالمية والأمن السيبراني يتطلب المزيد من الجهود. إن إنشاء مركز لأمن المعلومات داخل منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون سوف يسهم إسهاماً كبيراً في حماية مساحة المعلومات للمنظمة". وقد دعم تصريحات بوتين حول هذه القضية وأَمَّلَ مَنْعَ شعب كازاخستان من الإسلام وحمايةَ السلطة من الهجوم الإعلامِيّ لأمريكا.

وقال رئيس أوزبيكستان شوكت ميرزياييف "إننا نعتبر برنامج الحزام الأخضر لمنظمة شنغهاي للتعاون في آسيا الوسطى قضية مهمة. والهدف من ذلك هو إدخال التقنيات الحديثة النظيفة بيئياً في بلداننا". وقال أيضاً "إننا نقترح توسيع التعاون بين رجال الأعمال في الدول الأعضاء في منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون".

كما اقترح ميرزياييف عقد المنتدى الاقتصادي الأول لمنظمة شنغهاي للتعاون في سمرقند. وكل هذا من ترغيب الأهداف الاقتصادية للصين.

وقال الرئيس الطاجيكي إمام علي رحمون: "من المهم مقاومة الجهود الرامية إلى القضاء على عدم الاستقرار في المنطقة معا. وسلطات طاجيكستان مستعدة لتعزيز التعاون في مكافحة الأخطار والتحديات الجديدة في مجال الإعلام". كما أنه أظهر نفسه كأنه يطبع مع بوتين. وفي اليوم التالي وقعت 18 وثيقة مع الصين بعد القمة في دوشنبي.

لقد وصل الزعيم الصيني إلى قرغيزستان قبل يوم واحد من انعقاد القمة. وقدّم له رئيس قرغيزستان خيانته للمسلمين في تركستان الشرقية كهدية. حيث قال: "نحن نعتبر أن قضية (الأقليات) القومية في الصين هي مسألة داخلية للدولة". إن إدخالَ هذا النوع من المواقف في روع المسلمين خطِر جدا. لأن الصين إذا احتلت قرغيزستان غداً فلن يهتم المسلمون الآخرون بأنه شأن بين الصين وقرغيزستان.

وفي 13 حزيران/يونيو عُقد منتدى الأعمال القرغيزي الصيني، حيث وقعت فيه 24 وثيقة في مجال الموارد المعدنية سيما الذهب في قرغيزستان بقيمة 8 مليارات دولار.

من الواضح من كل الكلمات والأحداث خلال الزيارة والقمة أن السلطات القرغيزية قد فتحت الباب أمام الاحتلال الاقتصادي الصيني. وللأسف فهي تتفاخر بذلك!

خلال القمة، أكد جينبيكوف على أن هناك حاجة إلى تعزيز علاقات النقل واللوجستيات داخل المنظمة وقال: "نحن ندعم تسريع إنشاء مشروع السكة الحديدية بين الصين وقرغيزستان وأوزبيكستان".

أما بالنسبة للهند فقد أدخلتها أمريكا في منظمة شنغهاي لإحداث مشكلة. فقد قال رئيس الوزراء الهندي ناريندرا مودي في القمة: "إن الدول التي تساعد الإرهابيين وترعاهم يجب تسليمهم للعدالة" في إشارة إلى باكستان. وهذه هي الخطوة الأولى نحو إدخال المشكلة الهندية-الباكستانية في منظمة شنغهاي (من المتوقع أن الهند وباكستان تشكّلان مشاكل مشتركة في المنظمة). كما أن مودي أكّد بأن القضية الأفغانية لها أهمية خاصة في ضمان الأمن في المنطقة. وكان يشير إلى المشروع الأمريكي "تكامل آسيا الوسطى عبر أفغانستان إلى دول آسيوية أخرى". وعُقد منتدى الأعمال القرغيزي الهندي في 14 حزيران/يونيو ووقّعت حكومة مودي مع قرغيزستان 11 وثيقة وخصصت قرضاً لقرغيزستان بقيمة 200 مليون دولار.

الخلاصة:

من أهم الوثائق الموقعة في قمة منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون ما يلي:

- ترقيم الدول الأعضاء في المنظمة والموافقة على مفهوم التعاون في مجال تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات. (إن روسيا شجعت هذه المبادرة من خلال قرغيزستان، كما أن فيها مصالح للصين).

- الموافقة على برنامج التعاون بين الأقاليم للدول الأعضاء في المنظمة (هذه هي المبادرة الصينية، التي تخدم القمع الاقتصادي الصيني).

كما رأينا بالفعل، فإن منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون تخدم فقط المصالح الاستعمارية. يمكن للمسلمين التخلص من هذا الاستعمار من خلال العودة إلى إسلامهم فقط. إن الكافرين المستعمرين وعملاءهم يدركون ذلك جيداً، ولذلك يحاربون الإسلام والمسلمين بذريعة محاربة (الإرهاب والتطرف).

بقلم: الأستاذ عبد الحكيم كاراهاني

 رئيس المكتب الإعلامي لحزب التحرير في قرغيزستان

المصدر: جريدة الراية

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Ar-Raya Newspaper: Ar-Raya Miscellany – Issue 573

Al Raya sahafa

2025-11-12

Ar-Raya Newspaper:Ar-Raya Miscellany – Issue 573

O people of Sudan: How long will the conflict in Sudan and elsewhere remain fuel for international ambitions and their struggle with their malicious plans, interventions, and supplying the conflicting parties with weapons to completely control it?! Your women and children have been suffering for more than two years from this bloody conflict that only serves the interests of the West and its allies in controlling the fate of Sudan, which has always been coveted for its location and wealth, so it is in their interest to tear it apart and fragment it. The Rapid Support Forces' seizure of Al-Fashir is just another episode in these plans, as America wants to carve out the Darfur region and concentrate its influence in Sudan and eliminate British influence in it.

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The Goal of Ortagus' Visit

to Lebanon!

In light of the American offensive against Lebanon and the region with the project of normalization and surrender, and the US administration's endeavor under Trump and his team to bring more rulers of Muslim countries into the Abraham Accords, the visit of the American envoy Morgan Ortagus to Lebanon and the usurping Jewish entity comes, loaded with political, security, and economic pressures, threats, and conditions on Lebanon, noting that this visit coincided with the visit of the Secretary-General of the Arab League and the Director of Egyptian Intelligence, apparently to serve the same direction.

In response to these visits, a media statement from the Media Office of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Wilayah Lebanon affirmed the following:

First: The interventions of America and its followers in Muslim countries are to serve the interests of America and the Jewish entity, not to serve our interests, especially since America is the first supporter of the Jewish entity in politics, economy, finance, weapons, and media, openly and publicly.

Second: The envoy's visit is not a neutral visit, as some may imagine! Rather, it comes in the context of a clear American policy in the region that supports the Jewish entity and contributes to enabling it militarily and politically, and what the American envoy offers is only an imposition of hegemony, a consecration of subservience, and a diminution of sovereignty, which is a form of surrender and submission to the Jews, and this is what God refuses for the people of Islam.

Third: Accepting these dictates and signing any agreements that consecrate foreign tutelage is a betrayal of God, His Messenger, the Ummah, and everyone who fought or sacrificed to remove this usurping entity from Lebanon and Palestine.

Fourth: Dealing with the Jewish entity is a crime in the legal sense for the vast majority of the people of Lebanon, Muslims and non-Muslims, even in the positive law to which the Lebanese authority resorts, or human law in general, especially after the criminal entity committed genocide in Gaza, which it has not and will not hesitate to do in Lebanon and other Muslim countries.

Fifth: The American campaign and offensive on the region will not pass, and America will not succeed in its endeavor to shape the region as it desires, and if it has its project for the region, which is based on colonialism, plundering peoples, misleading Muslims, and even taking them out of their religion by calling for the (Abrahamic religion), then Muslims, in return, have their project promised by God Almighty; the project of the Second Khilafah according to the method of Prophethood, which has become very close, God willing, and this project is the one that will redraw the region, and even the entire world, anew, in fulfillment of the saying of the Messenger ﷺ: "Indeed, God showed me the earth, and I saw its east and its west, and my nation will reach what was shown to me of it." Narrated by Muslim, and the Jewish entity will be eliminated as the Messenger of God ﷺ foretold in his hadith: "The Hour will not come until the Muslims fight the Jews and the Muslims kill them..." Agreed upon.

In conclusion, Hizb ut-Tahrir/ Wilayah Lebanon continues to adopt the task of repelling America's campaign and offensive of normalization and surrender on Lebanon and the region, and nothing will deter it from doing so, and we warn the Lebanese authority against following the path of normalization and surrender! And we call on it to seek refuge in its people to confront that, and not to play around with the matter under the pretext of borders or reconstruction and the influence of the international system, ﴿And Allah is predominant over His affair, but most people do not know.﴾.

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A Delegation from Hizb ut-Tahrir/ Wilayah Sudan

Meets with a Number of Dignitaries from the City of Al-Ubayyid

A delegation from Hizb ut-Tahrir/ Wilayah Sudan, on Monday, November 3, 2025, visited a number of dignitaries from the city of Al-Ubayyid, the capital of North Kordofan. The delegation was led by Professor Al-Nazeer Muhammad Hussein Abu Minhaj, a member of the Hizb ut-Tahrir Council in Wilayah Sudan, accompanied by Engineer Banqa Hamid and Professor Muhammad Saeed Boukeh, members of Hizb ut-Tahrir.

The delegation met with:

Professor Khalid Hussein - Head of the Democratic Unionist Party, Jalaa Al-Azhari wing.

Dr. Abdullah Youssef Abu Seil - Lawyer and Professor of Law at universities.

Sheikh Abdul Rahim Jouda - From the Ansar al-Sunna group.

Mr. Ahmed Muhammad - Suna News Agency correspondent.

The meetings touched on the topic of the hour; the fall of Al-Fashir and the accompanying crimes of the militia against the people of the city, and the betrayal of the army leaders, who did not fulfill their duty towards the people of Al-Fashir and lift the siege on them, while they were capable of doing so throughout the period of the siege, and the repeated attacks on them, more than 266 attacks.

Then the delegation handed them a copy of the publication of Hizb ut-Tahrir/ Wilayah Sudan entitled: "The fall of Al-Fashir opens the way for America's plan to carve out the Darfur region and concentrate its influence in Sudan. How long will we be fuel for the international conflict?!" Their reactions were excellent and they called for the continuation of these meetings.

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"Phoenix Express 2025" Exercises

A Chapter in Tunisia's Submission to American Hegemony

Tunisia's preparation to host the new version of the multilateral naval exercise "Phoenix Express 2025" during the month of November comes, which is the exercise that the US Africa Command has become organizing annually after the regime in Tunisia involved the country by signing with America, on 2020/09/30, a military cooperation agreement, which US Secretary of Defense Mark Esper described as a roadmap that lasts for ten years.

In this regard, a press statement by Hizb ut-Tahrir / Wilayah Tunisia reminded that the party clarified when this dangerous agreement was signed that the matter goes beyond traditional agreements, as America is drawing up a huge project that requires 10 full years to complete, and that the roadmap, according to America's claim, is related to border control, port protection, combating extremist ideology, and confronting Russia and China, and this means, with all impudence, a diminution of Tunisia's sovereignty, but rather it is direct tutelage over our country.

The statement affirmed that Hizb ut-Tahrir in Wilayah Tunisia, despite the harassment, arrests, and military trials that our youth are subjected to as a result of their speaking out with the word of truth, reaffirms its call to dissolve this ominous colonial agreement that is intended to drag the country and the entire Islamic Maghreb and adapt them to the malicious American policies, and also repeated its appeal to the people of power and strength in Tunisia and all Muslim countries to pay attention to what the enemies of the Ummah are plotting against them and luring them to, and that the Shariah duty requires them to support their religion and repel the enemy lurking in their countries and their Ummah, and to exalt the word of God by supporting those who work to implement His Shariah and establish His state, the Second Khilafah Rashidah according to the method of Prophethood promised soon, God willing.

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America's Disdain for Its Citizens

Leaves Women and Children Hungry

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a federal program that helps low-income individuals and families and people with disabilities obtain electronic benefits that are used to purchase food and beverages, except for alcohol, and plants to grow their own food. Reports indicate that 42 million Americans rely on SNAP benefits to feed themselves and their families. 54% of adults who receive food assistance are women, most of whom are single mothers, and 39% are children, meaning that nearly one in five children relies on these benefits to ensure they don't go hungry. The federal shutdown also forced some states to find other ways to fund free and reduced-price food programs in their educational areas, so that children who rely on food during the school day would not have to live without food. As a result, the many food banks spread throughout the country post pictures of empty shelves and ask people to donate food and grocery store gift cards to meet the increasing demand for food.

Accordingly, the Women's Section in the Central Media Office of Hizb ut-Tahrir said in a press statement: We may ask how can the richest country in the world ignore the fact that millions of its most vulnerable citizens will not find enough food? You may wonder where America spends its money, even during the shutdown? Well, instead of ensuring that Americans get enough food, they send billions of dollars to the Jewish entity to kill Palestinians. He is a ruler who sees building a luxurious celebration hall as more important than anything else, while other deputies find that their personal investments are given priority over the well-being of the people they are supposed to represent! As you can see, capitalist America has never been interested in caring for the affairs of its citizens, but was only interested in providing military and financial support to those who deprive children around the world of their right to security, food, shelter, and education, which are basic necessities. Therefore, it leaves children in America also suffering from hunger and insecurity, and lacking adequate education and health care.

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"Every Muslim is inviolable to another Muslim: his blood, his wealth, and his honor."

To every Muslim, to every officer, soldier, and policeman, to everyone who owns a weapon: God Almighty has granted us reason to think with, and obligated us to use it correctly, so one should not act, perform any action, or utter any statement before knowing its Shariah ruling. Knowing the Shariah ruling requires understanding the reality to which the Shariah ruling is to be applied, so the Muslim must enjoy political awareness, so that he perceives matters as they really are, and is not carried away by the plans of the colonizing disbelievers who do not want good for us or for Islam, and who strive with all their might, cunning, and ingenuity to tear us apart, control our countries, and plunder our capabilities and wealth. How can a Muslim accept to be a tool in the hands of those colonizing disbelievers, or an executor of the orders of their agents?! Does he covet a little of the fleeting pleasures of this world, so he loses his Hereafter and is among the people of the Fire, abiding therein forever, cursed and expelled from the mercy of God? Does a Muslim accept to please any of the created, helpless humans while angering God Almighty, in whose hand is this world and the Hereafter?!

Hizb ut-Tahrir calls you to raise the level of political awareness, adhere to the rulings of God Almighty, and work with it to rule according to what God has revealed, so that it removes the hands of the colonizing disbelievers and their agents from you, and thwarts their plans in our countries.

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You Are the Ones Who Starved the Muslims

O Masoud Pezeshkian!

Under this title, the Central Media Office of Hizb ut-Tahrir said in a press statement: Iran has announced the bankruptcy of the largest private bank in it, which is (Ayandeh) Bank, and this bank has 270 branches in Iran, after the debts on it increased to five billion dollars. What is surprising in the matter is the criticism of Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian for administrative failure, saying: "We have oil and gas, but we are hungry"!

The statement affirmed: The person responsible for that administrative failure that the Iranian president is talking about is the president himself, so why is the Iranian people hungry - O Masoud Pezeshkian - and you have oil, gas, and other wealth and minerals? Is it not a result of your foolish policies? Is it not due to your distance from ruling by Islam? The same can be said about the rest of the Muslim countries. The foolish rulers in them squander the Ummah's huge wealth, enable the colonizing disbelievers to access it, and deprive the Ummah of that wealth, then one of them comes to justify the reason for the hunger by saying that it is an administrative failure!

In conclusion, the press statement addressed the Muslims: The foolishness of these rulers who are in charge of your affairs has become clear to every sighted person, and they are not worthy of taking charge of it. It is time for you to restrain them, for this is the ruling of the fool; preventing him from disposing of money and restraining him, and pledge allegiance to one Khaleefah who rules you with the Shariah of God Almighty, and cancels the riba system in your countries so that your Lord Almighty and His Messenger ﷺ will be pleased with you, and restores your plundered wealth, and restores your dignity and honor. Here is Hizb ut-Tahrir, the pioneer whose people do not lie, calling you to work with it to establish the Second Khilafah Rashidah according to the method of Prophethood.

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To the Sincere Descendants of the Ottoman Heroes

We ask the sincere descendants of the Ottoman heroes: What happened, O great army?! What is this humiliation and weakness?! Is it due to a lack of equipment and supplies?! How can this be, when you are the strongest army in the Middle East? And you rank eighth among the strongest armies in the world, while the Jewish entity ranks eleventh. That is, you are ahead of it in all respects, so how can you accept humiliation?!

The Jihadi army may lose a battle, but it will not lose a war; because the determination that ignited its leaders and soldiers is the same determination that created Badr, Hunayn, and Yarmouk, it is the same determination that opened Andalusia and made Muhammad al-Fatih determined to conquer Constantinople. And it is the same determination that will liberate Al-Aqsa and restore things to their rightful place.

We affirm that the national military doctrine has been lost and not preserved. It is a doctrine of weakness and failure, which diminishes the prestige of the army because it does not open the door to fighting in the way of God. It is a doctrine that made the military a job to receive a salary, so conscription became a heavy burden on the hearts of young people, who avoid it. It is a doctrine that made military ranks for boasting, so the army was emptied of its true meaning.

We in Hizb ut-Tahrir call on our sons in the Turkish army not to continue abandoning Jihad and not to support the Muslims who are crying out for their help; because that is an evil, and what an evil... So do not abandon the pinnacle of this religion until you win in both worlds.

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Trump's Attack on the Democrats

A Coup Against Democracy and an Exposure of Its Falsehood

(Al Jazeera Net, Wednesday, Jumada Al-Akhira 14, 1447 AH, 2025/11/5AD) US President Donald Trump launched a series of sharp statements, criticizing the performance of the Democrats, the voting system, immigration policies, and the government shutdown, stressing that the time has come for the Republicans to take decisive steps (Al Jazeera Network).

Ar-Raya: Since Donald Trump's rise to the American political scene, the world has witnessed a wide debate about the nature of his speech and his style in dealing with his political opponents. Between those who see him as a reformer who wants to restore America to its "lost greatness," and those who consider him a direct threat to the values of democracy, the most important question remains: Is Trump's continuous attack on the Democratic Party merely a normal political conflict, or is it in its essence a coup against American democracy itself?

Trump's attack on the Democrats comes as an internal explosion in the heart of the American system, as it exposes the real conflict between the elite class that controls the joints of the state, and the American people who feel that their voice is no longer effective in the political decision.

Trump's attack on the Democrats, although it seems like a rebellion against American political norms, is in fact a mirror that reflects the crisis of Western democracy itself. It is not only a coup against democracy, but an exposure of its falsehood, and that it is a dead person waiting for the Khilafah state to announce its death and bury it soon, God willing. Our responsibility is to be certain that the path to renaissance is not by imitating