With the Hadith
Jizya
We greet you, dear listeners, everywhere, in a new episode of your program "With the Hadith." We begin with the best greeting: Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.
It was narrated from Ibn Shihab who said: It reached me that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, took the jizya from the Magians of Bahrain.
Dear listeners:
Jizya is a specific amount of money taken from non-Muslims from the people of Dhimma, who are the People of the Book in general, and polytheists who are not Arabs, and all other disbelievers. God Almighty said: “Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.” (29) It was narrated from Qais bin Muslim from Al-Hasan bin Muhammad who said: "The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, wrote to the Magians of Hajar, inviting them to Islam. Whoever embraced Islam was accepted, and whoever did not, the jizya was imposed on him, provided that no slaughtered animal of theirs be eaten, and no woman of theirs be married." Narrated by Abu Ubaid. And from Jaafar bin Muhammad from his father who said: Umar said: I do not know what to do with the Magians, and they are not People of the Book. Abdul Rahman bin Auf said: I heard the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “Treat them as you treat the People of the Book.” Narrated by Abu Ubaid. It was narrated through Ibn Shihab: “That the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, took the jizya from the Magians of Hajar,” and that Umar took the jizya from the Magians of Persia, and no one among the Companions objected to him. And that Uthman took the jizya from the Berbers, and no one among the Companions objected to him. As for the polytheists of Arabia, no reconciliation or protection is accepted from them, but they are invited to Islam, and if they embrace Islam, they are left alone, otherwise they are fought. God Almighty said: “You will be called to [face] a people of great military might; you will fight them, or they will submit.” Meaning until they submit. The verse refers to those whom the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, fought, who were idol worshippers from the Arabs, which indicates that they are fought if they do not submit. It was also narrated through Al-Hasan who said: "The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, commanded that the Arabs be fought for Islam, and nothing else be accepted from them, and he commanded that the People of the Book be fought until they pay the jizya willingly while they are humbled." Abu Ubaid said: We believe that Al-Hasan meant by the Arabs here the idol worshippers among them who are not People of the Book, but whoever was from the People of the Book, the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, accepted it from them, and that is clear in the hadiths. It has not been proven that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, took the jizya from any of the idol worshippers from the Arabs, and he did not accept anything from them after the revelation of the verse of the Conquest and Surat At-Tawbah except Islam or war. And what was narrated that he took the jizya from the Arabs, such as the people of Yemen and the people of Najran, he only took it from the People of the Book, the Christians and the Jews, and he did not take it from the idol worshippers from the Arabs. The Caliph should explain to those from whom the jizya is accepted the amount of the jizya, the time of its obligation, and inform them that he only takes it from them once every year, and that what is taken from the rich is such and such, and from the less wealthy is such and such, and nothing is taken from the poor, because God Almighty said: (willingly, i.e., with ability), and that it is not taken from women and children, and the jizya is only taken from the adult male who is able to pay it. From Nafi' from Aslam, the freed slave of Umar: "That Umar wrote to the commanders of the armies to fight in the way of God, and not to fight except those who fight them, and not to kill women or children, and not to kill except those who have reached puberty, and he wrote to the commanders of the armies to impose the jizya, and not to impose it on women and children, and not to impose it except on those who have reached puberty." Abu Ubaid said: Meaning those who have grown hair. He said: "This hadith is the basis for who is obligated to pay the jizya, and who is not obligated to pay it. Do you not see that he only made it obligatory on adult males, not on females and children?" And no one objected to Umar, so it was a consensus. This is supported by what came in the letter of the Prophet, peace be upon him, to Muadh in Yemen: "That every adult must pay a dinar." So he specified the adult male, not the woman or the child. As for the narration: "The adult male and the adult female," it is not preserved by the scholars of hadith. The preserved and confirmed narration is the hadith that does not mention the adult female. Assuming that it is authentically narrated, that was at the beginning of Islam, when the women and children of the polytheists were killed with their men, and that was the case, then it was abrogated after the Messenger did not take it from women and children, and Umar followed that after him. The jizya that is taken must be with their submission to the rule of Islam. The humiliation mentioned in the verse: “until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.” (29) is that the rule of Islam applies to them, and that they do not display anything of their disbelief, or anything that is forbidden in the religion of Islam, and that Islam remains supreme in the land, because he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Islam is supreme and nothing is superior to it."
Dear listeners, until we meet you with another Prophetic Hadith, we leave you in God's care, and peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.
