مع الحديث الشريف - الشركة في الإسلام
مع الحديث الشريف - الشركة في الإسلام

نحييكم جميعا أيها الأحبة في كل مكان في حلقة جديدة من برنامجكم "مع الحديث الشريف" ونبدأ بخير تحية فالسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: أَنَا ثَالِثُ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ مَا لَمْ يَخُنْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ فَإِذَا خَانَهُ خَرَجْتُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمَا" رواه أبو داودَ وصحّحه الحاكم ...

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May 12, 2024

مع الحديث الشريف - الشركة في الإسلام

مع الحديث الشريف

الشركة في الإسلام

نحييكم جميعا أيها الأحبة في كل مكان في حلقة جديدة من برنامجكم "مع الحديث الشريف" ونبدأ بخير تحية فالسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: أَنَا ثَالِثُ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ مَا لَمْ يَخُنْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ فَإِذَا خَانَهُ خَرَجْتُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمَا" رواه أبو داودَ وصحّحه الحاكم

قَالَ صَاحِبُ عَوْنِ الْمَعْبُودِ بشرحِ سُننِ أبي داود: (أَنَا ثَالِثُ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ) أَيْ: مَعَهُمَا بِالْحِفْظِ وَالْبَرَكَةِ أَحْفَظُ أَمْوَالَهُمَا وَأُعْطِيهِمَا الرِّزْقَ وَالْخَيْرَ فِي مُعَامَلَتِهِمَا

(خَرَجْتُ مِنْ بَيْنهمْا) أَيْ: زَالَتْ الْبَرَكَةُ بِإِخْرَاجِ الْحِفْظِ عَنْهُمَا.

وَزَادَ رَزِين "وَجَاءَ الشَّيْطَانُ" أَيْ وَدَخَلَ بَيْنهمَا وَصَارَ ثَالِثَهُمَا.

قَالَ الطِّيبِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّه: الشَّرِكَةُ عِبَارَةٌ عَنْ اِخْتِلَاطِ أَمْوَالِ بَعْضِهِمْ بِبَعْضٍ بِحَيْثُ لَا يَتَمَيَّز، وَشَرِكَةُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِيَّاهُمَا عَلَى الِاسْتِعَارَة، كَأَنَّهُ تَعَالَى جَعَلَ الْبَرَكَةَ وَالْفَضْلَ وَالرِّبْحَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَالِ الْمَخْلُوط، فَسَمَّى ذَاتَهُ تَعَالَى ثَالِثَهُمَا، وَجَعَلَ خِيَانَةَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَمَحْقَهُ الْبَرَكَةَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَخْلُوطِ وَجَعَلَهُ ثَالِثَهُمَا، وَقَوْلُهُ خَرَجْتُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمَا تَرْشِيحُ الِاسْتِعَارَة.

وَفِيهِ اِسْتِحْبَابُ الشَّرِكَةِ، فَإِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ مُنْصَبَّةٌ مِنْ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِيهَا بِخِلَافِ مَا إِذَا كَانَ مُنْفَرِدًا، لِأَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ، يَسْعَى فِي غِبْطَةِ صَاحِبِه، ...

أحبتنا الكرام:

الشركةُ في اللغةِ خَلْطُ النَّصيبَيْنِ فصاعداً بحيث لا يتميّزُ الواحدُ عن الآخر. والشركةُ شرعاً هي عقدٌ بين اثنيْنِ فأكثرَ يتّفقانِ فيه على القيامِ بعملٍ ماليٍّ بقصدِ الرِّبْح. وعقدُ الشركةِ يقتضي وجودَ الإيجابِ والقَبولِ فيه معاً كسائرِ العُقود. والإيجابُ أنْ يقولَ أحدُهُما للآخَر: شارَكْتُكَ في كذا، ويقولَ الآخَرُ: قَبِلْتُ. إلاّ أنه ليسَ اللفظُ المذكورُ بِلازمٍ بل المعنى، أي لا بدّ أنْ يتحقّقَ في الإيجابِ والقَبولِ معنىً يُفيدُ أنّ أحدَهُما خاطَب الآخر، مشافهةً أو كتابة، بالشركةِ على شيءٍ والآخَرُ يَقبَلُ ذلك. فالاتّفاقُ على مجرَّدِ الاشتراكِ لا يُعتبَرُ عَقداً، والاتفاقُ على دفعِ المالِ للاشتراكِ لا يعتبرُ عَقداً، بل لا بدّ أنْ يتضمّنَ العقدُ معنى المُشاركةِ على شيء، وشرطُ صحّةِ عَقدِ الشركةِ أنْ يكونَ المعقودُ عليه تصرُّفاً، وأن يكونَ هذا التصرُّفُ المعقودُ عليه عقدَ الشركةِ قابلاً للوَكالةِ لِيكونَ ما يُستفادُ بالتصرفِ مُشترَكاً بينهما.

والشركةُ جائزةٌ لأنه صلى الله عليه وسلمَ بُعثَ والناسُ يتعاملون بها فأقرَّهُمُ الرسولُ عليها فكان إقرارُهُ عليه السلام لِتعامُلِ الناس بها دليلاً شرعياً على جَوازِها. وروى البخاريُّ من طريقِ سُليمانَ بنِ أبي مُسلمٍ أنه قال: سألتُ أبا المِنهالِ عن الصّرفِ يداً بَيِدٍ فقال: اشتريتُ أنا وشريكٌ لي شيئاً يداً بيدٍ ونسيئةً فجاءنا البراءُ بنُ عازبٍ فسألْناهُ فقال: فعلتُ أنا وشريكي زيدُ بن أرقمَ وسَأَلْنا النبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عن ذلك فقال: (ما كانَ يداً بيدٍ فَخُذُوهُ وما كان نسيئةً فَرُدُّوه) فهو يدلُّ على أنّ الشركةَ كان المسلمونَ يتعاملونَ بها وأقرَّهُمُ الرسولُ صلى الله عليه وسلم عليها.

وتجوزُ الشركةُ بين المسلمين مَعَ بعضِهِم وبين الذّمّيينَ مع بعضهم وبين المسلمين والذميين، فيصحُّ أنْ يُشارِكَ المسلمُ النصرانيَّ والمَجوسيَّ وغيرَهُم من الذميين. روى مسلمٌ عن عبدِ اللهِ بنِ عُمَرَ، قال: "عامَلَ رسولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وهم يهودٌ بِشَطْرِ ما يخرُجُ منها من ثَمَرٍ أو زَرْعٍ". و "اشترى رسولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلمَ من يهوديٍّ طعاماً ورَهَنَهُ دِرْعَه" رواه البخاري. وروى التِّرمذيُّ عن ابنِ عبّاسٍ قال: "تُوُفِّيَ النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلمَ ودِرْعُهُ مرهونةٌ بِعِشرينَ صاعاً من طعامٍ أخَذَهُ لأَهْلِه"، ولهذا فإنّ شراكةَ اليهودِ والنصارى وغيرِهِم من الذميين جائزةٌ لأنّ مُعامَلَتَهُم جائزة. إلاّ أنّ الذميينَ لا يجوزُ لهم بيعُ الخمرِ والخِنزيرِ وهم في شركةٍ مع المسلم، أمّا ما باعوه من الخمرِ والخنزير قبل مُشارَكَتِهِمُ المسلمَ فَثَمَنُهُ حلالٌ في الشركة. ولا تصحُّ الشركةُ إلاّ من جائزِ التّصرُّفِ لأنّها عَقْدٌ على التصرفِ في المالِ فَلَمْ يَصِحَّ من غيرِ جائزِ التصرفِ في المال، ولذلك لا تجوزُ شركةُ الْمَحْجُورِ عليه ولا شركةُ كلِّ مَنْ لا يجوزُ تصرُّفُه.

أحبّتنا الكرام وإلى حين أن نلقاكم مع حديث نبوي آخر نترككم في رعاية الله والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته.

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With the Hadith - Do you know who is bankrupt?

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Do you know who is bankrupt?

May Allah greet you, our dear listeners, listeners of the radio of the Central Media Office of Hizb ut-Tahrir. We meet you again with our program "With the Hadith," and the best way to start our episode is with the greeting of Islam, so peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you.

It is mentioned in Musnad Ahmad - Remainder of the Musnad of the Prolific Narrators - that the bankrupt of my nation is the one who comes on the Day of Resurrection with fasting, prayer, and charity, but he comes having insulted this person, slandered this person, and consumed the wealth of this person.

Narrated 'Abd al-Rahman from Zuhair from al-'Ala' from his father from Abu Hurairah from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: "Do you know who is bankrupt?" They said: "The bankrupt among us, O Messenger of Allah, is the one who has no dirham or goods." He said: "Indeed, the bankrupt of my nation is the one who comes on the Day of Resurrection with fasting, prayer, and charity, but he comes having insulted this person, slandered this person, and consumed the wealth of this person. So he will sit, and this one will take from his good deeds, and that one will take from his good deeds, and if his good deeds are exhausted before he settles what is owed to him of sins, their sins will be taken and cast upon him, then he will be thrown into the Fire."

This hadith, like other important hadiths, must be understood and realized. Some people are bankrupt despite their prayers, fasting, and zakat, because they insulted this person, slandered this person, consumed the wealth of this person, shed the blood of this person, and beat this person.

His bankruptcy is that his good deeds, which are his capital, are taken and given to this one and used to pay off that one for the price of his slander, insult, and beating. After his good deeds are exhausted before he settles what is owed, their sins are taken and cast upon him, then he is thrown into the Fire.

When the Prophet, peace be upon him, asked his companions, "Do you know who is bankrupt?" "Do you know" means knowledge and awareness of the inner workings of things. "Do you know" means "Do you really know who is bankrupt?" This confirms the saying of our master Ali, may Allah honor his face: "Wealth and poverty are after the presentation to Allah." When they were asked this question, they answered based on their experiences: "The bankrupt among us is the one who has no dirham or goods." This is the bankrupt in the eyes of the companions of the Messenger of Allah. So he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: No... HE SAID: "INDEED, THE BANKRUPT OF MY NATION IS THE ONE WHO COMES ON THE DAY OF RESURRECTION WITH FASTING, PRAYER, AND CHARITY..."

This confirms the saying of our master Umar: "Whoever wishes may fast, and whoever wishes may pray, but it is righteousness," because prayer, fasting, Hajj, and zakat are acts of worship that a person may do with sincerity, or he may do them hypocritically, but the center of gravity is to adhere to the command of Allah.

We ask Allah to keep us steadfast on the truth, and make us of His righteous servants, and replace our bad deeds with good deeds, and not disgrace us on the Day of Presentation to Him, O Allah, Amen.

Our dear listeners, until we meet you with another prophetic hadith, we entrust you to Allah, whose deposits are never lost. Peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you.

Written for the radio by

Afraa Turab

With the Hadith - The Hypocrites and Their Evil Deeds

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The Hypocrites and Their Evil Deeds

We greet you all, dear friends, everywhere, in a new episode of your program "With the Hadith," and we begin with the best greeting: Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.

It was narrated from Buraidah, may God be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Do not call a hypocrite 'Sayyid' (master), for if he is a master, then you have angered your Lord, the Almighty and Sublime." Narrated by Abu Dawood with a Sahih (authentic) chain of narration.

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Indeed, the best of speech is the word of God Almighty, and the best guidance is the guidance of His Prophet Muhammad bin Abdullah, peace and blessings be upon him. Now then,

This noble Hadith guides us on how to deal with the hypocrites we know. The Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, was the only one who knew all the hypocrites by their names, but we can recognize some of them by their characteristics, such as those mentioned in the Quran who perform their obligatory duties lazily and grudgingly, and those who plot against Islam and Muslims, encourage strife, spread corruption on earth, and love to spread immorality by calling for it, protecting it, and nurturing it, and those who tell lies about Islam and Muslims... and others who are characterized by hypocrisy.

Therefore, we must understand what the Sharia (Islamic law) has deemed good and what it has deemed bad, so that we can distinguish the hypocrite from the sincere, and take appropriate action towards them. We should not trust those who do what contradicts the Sharia while pretending to do what they do out of concern for Islam and Muslims. We should not follow them or support them, or even less than that, by describing them as "Sayyid," otherwise God Almighty will be angry with us.

We Muslims must be the most keen people on Islam and Muslims, and not allow any hypocrite an entry point into our religion and our families, as they are among the most dangerous things we may face these days due to their abundance and the multiplicity of their faces. We must use the Sharia scale to measure the actions of those who claim to be Muslims, for Islam protects us from such evildoers.

We ask God to protect our nation from such criminals, and to guide us to the straight path and the correct scale by which we measure people's behavior, so that we stay away from those whom God does not love. Amen.

Dear friends, until we meet you with another prophetic Hadith, we leave you in God's care, and peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.

Written for radio by: Dr. Maher Saleh