With the Hadith - Bait Al-Mal (The Treasury)
We greet you all, dear listeners everywhere, in a new episode of your program "With the Hadith", and we begin with the best greeting, peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.
Al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih: Muhammad bin Ubaid bin Maymun told us: Issa bin Yunus told us from Omar bin Saeed, who said: Ibn Abi Mulayka told me from Uqba, who said: I prayed behind the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in Medina, the Asr prayer, and he gave the greeting, then he stood up quickly and stepped over the necks of the people to some of his wives’ rooms. The people were alarmed by his speed, so he came out to them and saw that they were surprised by his speed, so he said: "I remembered some gold that we had, and I hated for it to detain me, so I ordered it to be distributed."
It is mentioned in Fath al-Bari by Ibn Hajar:
His saying: (The people were alarmed) means they were afraid, and that was their habit when they saw something from him that they were not used to, fearing that something bad would befall them.
His saying: (I remembered some gold) In Rawh's narration from Omar bin Saeed at the end of the prayer: "I remembered while I was in prayer." And in Abu Asim's narration: "gold from charity." Al-Tibr, with a kasra on the muthanna and a sukoon on the muwahhada, is gold that has not been refined or minted. Al-Jawhari said: It is only said for gold. And some of them have said it for silver. End.
His saying: (Detain me) means that thinking about it distracts me from focusing and turning to God Almighty. Ibn Battal understood another meaning from it, saying: It means that delaying charity detains its owner on the Day of Resurrection.
And in the hadith is that staying after the prayer is not obligatory, and that stepping over people for a need is permissible, and that thinking in prayer about something that is not related to the prayer does not invalidate it or reduce its perfection, and that initiating resolve during the prayer on permissible matters does not harm, and in it is the utterance of the action upon what a person commands, and the permissibility of deputation with the ability to direct action.
Dear listeners,
The Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, did not take a special house to keep the money that came to the state from spoils, jizya, zakat, charity, or others, until it was spent in its proper ways. Rather, he would put it in the house of one of his wives, as mentioned in our hadith for today, or he would put it in the mosque. Al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih from Anas: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was brought money from Bahrain, so he said: Scatter it in the mosque.
Or he would put it in his treasury. Muslim narrated from Omar bin Al-Khattab... I said to her, "Where is the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him?" She said: "He is in his treasury in the mashruba." So I entered upon the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, and he was lying on a mat, so I sat down and he lowered his izar over him, and he was not wearing anything else. And the mat had left its mark on his side. So I looked with my eyes in the treasury of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, and I saw a handful of barley, about a saa, and the like of it, tanning material, in a corner of the room, and an afiq hanging. He said: My eyes welled up. He said: What makes you cry, O Ibn al-Khattab? I said: O Prophet of God, why should I not cry when this mat has left its mark on your side, and this is your treasury, and I see nothing in it but what I see.
As for the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, when the money coming to the state increased from spoils, kharaj, jizya, and charity, they took a special place to keep the money coming to the state in it, which they called: Bait Al-Mal (The Treasury)... Ibn Saad mentioned in the Tabaqat from Sahl bin Abi Khaithama and others: "Abu Bakr had a treasury in Al-Sunh that no one guarded. So he was told: Why don't you put someone to guard it? He said: It has a lock. So he would give away what was in it until it was empty. When he moved to Medina, he moved it and put it in his house." Hannad narrated in Al-Zuhd with a good chain of transmission from Anas, who said: "A man came to Omar and said: O Commander of the Believers, carry me, for I want to fight in jihad." Omar said to a man: "Take his hand and take him into the treasury to take what he wants...." Al-Darimi narrated from Abdullah bin Amr, who said: "A slave died during the time of Othman who had no guardian, so he ordered his money to be put into the treasury."
The term Bait Al-Mal (The Treasury): is a compound noun, used to mean the place where state revenues are kept, and it is used to mean the entity that specializes in receiving and spending what Muslims are entitled to of money.
What makes us say that the term Bait Al-Mal (The Treasury) applies to the entity as well as the place is that there are funds that are not housed in Bait Al-Mal as a place, such as lands, oil and gas wells, and mines. They belong to Bait Al-Mal as an entity, even though they are not housed in it as a place. There are also charity funds that are taken from the rich and spent on those who are entitled to them without being housed in Bait Al-Mal. In addition, Muslims sometimes used the word Bait Al-Mal to mean the entity, as it cannot mean the place, as Al-Bayhaqi narrated in Al-Sunan Al-Kubra: from Al-Laheq bin Hamid, who said: When Omar bin Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, sent Ammar bin Yasser, Abdullah bin Masoud, and Othman bin Hunaif to Kufa, he sent Ammar bin Yasser to lead the prayer and the armies, and he sent Ibn Masoud to lead the judiciary and Bait Al-Mal (The Treasury). The point of evidence is that it is not possible that Omar, may God be pleased with him, sent Ibn Masoud as a doorman for Bait Al-Mal, but rather he sent him to the entity so that he could receive and spend.
The person with the authority to dispose of the revenues of Bait Al-Mal and its expenses is the Caliph. This is what the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, used to do, and then his successors after him did. Al-Tirmidhi narrated in his Sunan from Abd al-Rahman bin Samura, who said: Othman came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, with a thousand dinars. Al-Hasan bin Waqi said, and it was in another place in my book, in his sleeve when he equipped the army of hardship, and he scattered it in his lap. Abd al-Rahman said: I saw the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, turning it over in his lap and saying: "Othman will not be harmed by what he does after today," twice.
Al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih from Jabir bin Abdullah, may God be pleased with them, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "If the money of Bahrain comes, I will give you this, this, and this." But the money of Bahrain did not come until the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, died. When the money of Bahrain came, Abu Bakr ordered that it be announced: Whoever has a promise or a debt from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, should come to us. So I came to him and said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to me such and such. So he scooped up a handful for me, and I counted it, and it was five hundred, and he said: "Take twice as much."
The Messenger received Othman's donation and spent it on equipping the army of hardship, just as Abu Bakr received the money of Bahrain and gave some of it to Jabir, which indicates that the Caliph is the one with the authority to receive and spend the money of Bait Al-Mal (The Treasury)...
The Caliph can appoint others to Bait Al-Mal. The Messenger and his successors did this. In our hadith, the Messenger ordered one of them to distribute the money and did not distribute it himself. In the two Sahihs, Abu Hurairah said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, sent Omar to collect charity.
In the shadow of the coming Caliphate, God willing, and since we in Hizb ut-Tahrir adopt that the governor should not be given a general mandate, but rather a specific mandate, the judiciary, the army, and the money will each have its own special central department that reports directly to the Caliph. The funds of the Caliphate will have a central department called the Bait Al-Mal Department, which will handle revenues and expenditures in accordance with the provisions of Sharia, and it will be an independent body from any other body of the state, and it will report directly to the Caliph like any other body, and the head of the Bait Al-Mal Department will be called: the Treasurer of Bait Al-Mal,
Attached to this department are departments in the provinces. The head of each department is called: the Owner of Bait Al-Mal.
Bait Al-Mal is divided into two sections: the revenue section and the expenditure section.
The revenue section includes three diwans (departments):
The Diwan of Fay' and Kharaj, which includes spoils, kharaj, lands, jizya, fay', and taxes.
The Diwan of Public Property: which includes oil, gas, electricity, minerals, seas, rivers, lakes, springs, forests, pastures, and sanctuaries.
The Diwan of Sadaqat: which includes zakat on money, goods for trade, crops, fruits, camels, cows, and sheep.
As for the expenditure section: it includes eight diwans (departments):
The Diwan of the Caliphate House
The Diwan of State Interests
The Diwan of Giving
The Diwan of Jihad
The Diwan of Sadaqat Expenditures
The Diwan of Public Property Expenditures
The Diwan of Emergencies
The Diwan of the General Budget, General Accounting, and General Oversight.
We ask God Almighty to hasten the Caliphate for us, to manage the Muslims' money in accordance with the provisions of the true Sharia, so that it benefits everyone, and does not go to every greedy person, as is the case in the era of the watchman rulers....
Dear listeners, until we meet you with another prophetic hadith, we leave you in God's care, and peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.
