With the Hadith
All of you are shepherds, and all of you are responsible for his flock
We greet you all, dear listeners everywhere, in a new episode of your program "With the Hadith." We begin with the best greeting: Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.
Al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih: - Ismail narrated to us, saying: Malik narrated to me from Abdullah bin Dinar from Abdullah bin Umar, may God be pleased with them both.
That the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Verily, all of you are shepherds and all of you are responsible for his flock. The imam who is over the people is a shepherd and he is responsible for his flock. And the man is a shepherd over his household and he is responsible for his flock. And the woman is a shepherdess over the household of her husband and his children and she is responsible for them. And the man’s slave is a shepherd over his master’s wealth and he is responsible for it. Verily, all of you are shepherds and all of you are responsible for his flock."
His saying (Verily, all of you are shepherds)
"Verily" with the lam lightly pronounced is a letter of introduction, and it was omitted from the narration of Nafi' and Salim from Ibn Umar, and the shepherd is the trustworthy guardian, committed to the well-being of what he is entrusted to protect, so he is required to be just and fulfill its interests.
His saying (The imam who is over the people): meaning the supreme imam.
His saying (a shepherd and he is responsible for his flock)
In the narration of Salim bin Abdullah bin Umar from his father in the past in al-Jumu'ah "The imam is a shepherd and is responsible for his flock" and likewise in all of them with the deletion of "and he", which is assumed, and it is confirmed in al-Istiqrad.
His saying (And the man is a shepherd over his household) In Salim's narration "in his household".
His saying (And the woman is a shepherdess over the household of her husband and his children)
In the narration of Ubaid Allah bin Umar "over her husband's house" and in Salim's narration "in her husband's house" and the same for Musa but he said "over".
His saying (And the man’s slave is a shepherd over his master’s wealth)
Salim added in his narration "and I thought he said "and in the loan" I heard these from the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and I think the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: And the man is a shepherd over his father's wealth and responsible for his flock." Al-Khattabi said: They, meaning the imam, the man, and whoever was mentioned, are all described as shepherds, but their meanings are different. The supreme imam's shepherding is protecting the Sharia by establishing the limits and being just in judgment, the man's shepherding of his family is managing their affairs and ensuring they receive their rights, the woman's shepherding is managing the affairs of the house, the children, and the servants, and advising the husband in all of that, and the servant's shepherding is protecting what is under his control and fulfilling his duties of service.
His saying (Verily, all of you are shepherds and all of you are responsible for his flock)
Al-Tibi said in this hadith that the shepherd is not sought for himself, but rather he is appointed to protect what the owner has entrusted to him, so he should not act except with what the Sharia has permitted, and this is a representation than which there is nothing gentler, more comprehensive, or more eloquent in the chapter. He summarized first, then detailed, and brought the letter of warning repeatedly. He said, "The fa' in his saying "Verily, all of you" is the answer to a deleted condition, and he concluded with something that resembles a summary, indicating the fulfillment of the detail. Others said: This generality includes the single person who has no spouse, servant, or child, for it applies to him that he is a shepherd over his limbs until he performs the commands and avoids the prohibitions in action, speech, and belief, so his limbs, strength, and senses are his flock, and it is not necessary that being described as a shepherd means that he is not shepherded in another respect.
Dear listeners:
In this hadith, the noble Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, explained to us that all Muslims are charged with tasks that they must perform because they are duties from the Lord of the Worlds, and they vary according to the circumstances of each person, starting with the Caliph: the Supreme Imam, passing through the man in his household, the woman in her husband's house, and ending with the servant in his master's wealth.
What we must pay attention to here is that the responsibility of the imam, i.e., the caliph, in caring for the nation and managing its affairs requires that the imam has what enables him to bear the consequences of this responsibility... from powers and funds that help him to manage the interests of the people, provide for those in need, spend on the necessary facilities for their lives, and on jihad to spread Islam... and other major responsibilities placed on his shoulders.
Therefore, the Sharia has made for the state its own properties that include: the spoils of war, the fay', the jizya, the fifth of the rikaz, and the money of those who have no heirs.
The place for these funds is in the treasury, and the disposition of them is up to the caliph, who spends them on the call to Islam and on the interests of Muslims according to his opinion and judgment.
Dear listeners, until we meet you with another prophetic hadith, we leave you in God's care, and peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.
