مفهوم العصمة
مفهوم العصمة

إنّ موضوع العصمة هو واحد من المواضيع التي عنيت بها الثقافة الإسلامية. وسنتكلّم من خلال هذا البحث عن مفهوم العصمة وتعريفها لغةً واصطلاحاً وعلى ماذا تدل.

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April 27, 2021

مفهوم العصمة

مفهوم العصمة

إنّ موضوع العصمة هو واحد من المواضيع التي عنيت بها الثقافة الإسلامية. وسنتكلّم من خلال هذا البحث عن مفهوم العصمة وتعريفها لغةً واصطلاحاً وعلى ماذا تدل.

خلق الله تعالى الأنبياء عليهم ‌السلام الذين هم صفوة البشر، على الفطرة السليمة وقد هيأ لهم نشأة أعدهم بها لتحمل أمانة دعوة الخلق إلى التوحيد والعمل الصالح، ولذلك اختصُّوا بصفات دون غيرِهم من البشر ومن هذه الصفات العصمة فلا تصح نسبتها إلى غيرهم مطلقا لتحقيق مقْصود النبوَّة والرِّسالة، والاعتقاد بعصمتهم من لوازم الإيمان بهم فحين يُقال إن العقيدة الإسلامية هي الإيمان بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر وبالقضاء والقدر خيرهما وشرهما من الله تعالى، لا يعني أنه لا يوجد غيرها أشياء يجب الاعتقاد بها، بل يعني أن هذه هي الأساس وأن هناك أفكاراً أخرى تتعلق بالعقيدة منها عصمة الأنبياء، وهي داخلة تحت الإيمان بالأنبياء، والكفر بها كفر بالرسالة التي جاء بها النبي، وبالنبوة التي بعث بها.

لقد تعدّدت التعاريف التي عرضها المتكلّمون حول مسألة العصمة لغة واصطلاحا. فالعصمة في لغة العرب جاءت بمعنى الوقاية والمنع والحفظ، وأما اصطلاحا فقد أجمع كثير من المتكلّمين على تفسير العصمة بـاللطف الإلهي أو التوفيق الإلهي الذي تفضّل به الله تعالى على بعض عباده فعصمهم من خلاله عن ارتكاب الذنوب وترك الطاعات مع قدرتهم على ذلك.

وعلى هذا فكل نبي ورسول معصوم عن الخطأ في التبليغ، فهو لا يخطئ فيما يخبر عن الله تعالى ولا ينسى شيئاً مما أوحاه الله إليه إلا شيئاً أراد الله أن ينسيه إياه ولا يكتم منه شيئاً ولا يزيد عليه، قال تعالى: ﴿وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحَى﴾ [النجم: 3] وقال تعالى: ﴿سَنُقْرِئُكَ فَلَا تَنْسَى إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْجَهْرَ وَمَا يَخْفَى﴾ [الأعلى: 6] وقال تعالى: ﴿وَلَوْ تَقَوَّلَ عَلَيْنَا بَعْضَ الْأَقَاوِيلِ * لَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُ بِالْيَمِينِ * ثُمَّ لَقَطَعْنَا مِنْهُ الْوَتِينَ﴾ [الحاقة: 44] وتكفَّل بأن يجمعه له في صدره؛ ﴿لَا تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ * إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ * فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَهُ﴾ [الأعلى: 16]

أما ما ورد عنه من المعاريض الموهم ظاهرُها خلاف باطنها فجائز ورودُها منه في الأمور الدنيويَّة. لا سيَّما لقصد المصلحة كتوريتِه عن وجه مغازيه لئلا يأخُذ العدو حذْره، وكان يمازح ويداعب أصحابَه لكي يطيب قلوبهم وليدخل المحبَّة والمسرَّة إلى نفوسهم ولكن لا يقول إلا حقّاً، كما أن الأنبياء والرسل معصومون عن الكبائر مثلما أنهم معصومون بالتبليغ عن الله. فلا يفعل كبيرة من الكبائر مطلقاً لأن فعل الكبيرة يعني ارتكاب المعصية فإذا تطرقت المعصية إلى الفعل تطرقت إلى التبليغ وهذا محال، ومما لا شكَّ فيه أنَّ الكبائر تحطُّ من قدْر العبد عند الله وعند الناس، والنَّبيُّ منزَّه عن كل ما يحطُّ قدره وينقص من منزلته، فكلّ أفعاله وأقواله تعدُّ تشريعاً تأخذ بها الأمَّة إلى قيام الساعة، أما العصمة عن الصغائر فإنه قد اختلف العلماء فيها والصحيح أنهم معصومون عن كل ما يسمى معصية ويصدق عليه أنه معصية وما عدا ذلك من المكروهات وترك والمندوبات وخلاف الأولى فهم غير معصومين عنه لأنه لا يتناقض مع النبوّة والرسالة، ولا يقال إن العصمة أمر غير اختياري وأن النبي مسير بها، فالمعصوم كغيره من الناس يفعل أعماله وأفعاله عن إرادة واختيار فهو ليس مضطرّاً إلى فعل الطاعات أو ترك المحرّمات بل يطيع الله تعالى بإرادته واختياره لكنّه لعلمه الكامل وتقواه يختار الطاعة ويترك المخالفة، فإن وجود الغرائز والحاجات المطلوب إشباعها ليست علّة تامّة وملازمة لارتكاب المعصية حتى نقول بالملازمة فليست العصمة مانعةً من القدرة على فعل القبيح.

ودليل عصمة الأنبياء دليل عقلي وليس دليلاً سمعياً لأن كونه نبياً أو رسولاً يحتم أنه معصوم في التبليغ عن الله وهي من الصفات التي يحتم العقل وجودها في كل نبي ورسول. إذ لو تطرق الاحتمال إلى إمكانية عدم العصمة في مسألة واحدة لتطرق الخلل إلى كل مسألة وحينئذ تنهار النبوة والرسالة كلها فالعصمة ثابتة للأنبياء وميَّزهم الله بها على سائر البشر حتى تتحقَّق حكمة التأسِّي بهم وإلاَّ كان الأخْذ عنهم كالأخذ عن غيرهم وبالتالي يمكن نسبة الخطأ أو الزيادة أو النقص في التَّشريع وهذا غير ممكن، إلا أن هذه العصمة للأنبياء والرسل إنما تكون بعد أن يصبح نبياً أو رسولاً بالوحي إليه، أما قبل النبوّة والرسالة فإنه يجوز عليهم ما يجوز على سائر البشر لأن العصمة هي للنبوة والرسالة، قال تعالى: ﴿وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالّاً فَهَدَى﴾ [الضحى: 7] وقال تعالى: ﴿نَحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ أَحْسَنَ الْقَصَصِ بِمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ وَإِن كُنتَ مِن قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ﴾ [يوسف: 3] وقال تعالى: ﴿مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِي مَا الْكِتَابُ وَلَا الْإِيمَانُ﴾ [الشورى: 52]

 وآخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين

كتبه لإذاعة المكتب الإعلامي المركزي لحزب التحرير

فارس الفارس

عضو المكتب الإعلامي لحزب التحرير في ولاية العراق

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The Absence of the State's Role in Confronting the Health Disaster: Dengue Fever and Malaria

The Absence of the State's Role in Confronting the Health Disaster

Dengue Fever and Malaria

With the widespread outbreak of dengue fever and malaria in Sudan, the features of an acute health crisis are unfolding, revealing the absence of an effective role for the Ministry of Health and the state's inability to confront an epidemic that claims lives day after day. Despite scientific and technological advances in pathology, the facts are revealed and corruption emerges.

Absence of a Clear Plan:

Despite the number of infections exceeding thousands, and mass deaths being recorded according to some media sources, the Ministry of Health has not announced a clear plan to combat the epidemic. The lack of coordination between health authorities and the absence of a proactive vision in dealing with epidemic crises are noticeable.

Collapse of Medical Supply Chains

Even the simplest medicines like "Panadol" have become scarce in some areas, reflecting a collapse in supply chains and the absence of oversight in the distribution of medicines, at a time when one needs the simplest tools of pain relief and support.

Absence of Community Awareness

There are no effective media campaigns to educate people about ways to prevent mosquitoes or recognize the symptoms of the disease, which increases the spread of infection and weakens the community's ability to protect itself.

Weak Health Infrastructure

Hospitals suffer from a severe shortage of medical personnel and equipment, even basic diagnostic tools, which makes the response to the epidemic slow and random, and endangers the lives of thousands.

How Have Other Countries Dealt with Epidemics?

Brazil:

- Launched ground and aerial spraying campaigns using modern pesticides.

- Distributed mosquito nets and activated community awareness campaigns.

- Provided medicines urgently in affected areas.

Bangladesh:

- Established temporary emergency centers in poor neighborhoods.

- Provided hotlines for reports and mobile response teams.

France:

- Activated early warning systems.

- Intensified monitoring of the transmitting mosquito and started local awareness campaigns.

Health is one of the most important duties and the state is fully responsible

Sudan still lacks effective detection and reporting mechanisms, making the real numbers much higher than announced, and increasing the complexity of the crisis. The current health crisis is a direct result of the absence of an active state role in health care that puts human life at the forefront of its priorities, a state that applies Islam and applies the saying of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, "If a mule stumbles in Iraq, God will ask me about it on the Day of Resurrection."

Proposed Solutions

- Establishing a health system that fears God first in human life and is effective, not subject to quotas or corruption.

- Providing free health care as a basic right for all the people. And canceling licenses for private hospitals and preventing investment in the field of medicine.

- Activating the role of prevention before treatment, through awareness campaigns and mosquito control.

- Restructuring the Ministry of Health to be responsible for people's lives, not just an administrative body.

- Adopting a political system that puts human life above economic and political interests.

- Disconnecting from criminal organizations and the drug mafia.

In the history of Muslims, hospitals were built to serve people for free, managed with high efficiency, and funded from the treasury, not from people's pockets. Health care was part of the state's responsibility, not a favor or a trade.

What is happening today in Sudan from the spread of epidemics, and the absence of the state from the scene, is a warning sign that cannot be ignored. What is required is not just providing Panadol, but establishing a real welfare state that cares about human life, and addresses the roots of the crisis, not its symptoms, a state that is aware of the value of man and his life and the purpose for which he was found, which is to worship God alone. The Islamic state is the only one capable of addressing health care issues through a health system that can only be implemented under the second righteous caliphate on the method of prophecy, which will be established soon, God willing.

﴿O you who have believed, respond to Allah and to the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life.﴾

Written for the Central Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir

Hatem Al-Attar - Egypt Province

The Honor of Companionship with Abu Osama, Ahmed Baker (Hazeem), may God have mercy on him

The Honor of Companionship with Abu Osama, Ahmed Baker (Hazeem), may God have mercy on him

On the morning of the twenty-second of Rabi’ al-Awwal 1447 AH, corresponding to the fourteenth of September 2025 AD, at the age of eighty-seven, Ahmed Baker (Hazeem), one of the first generation in Hizb ut-Tahrir, passed away to his Lord. He carried the call for many years and endured long imprisonment and severe torture for its sake, but he did not falter, weaken, change, or alter, thanks to God's grace and help.

He spent long years in Syria in the eighties during the rule of the late Hafez, in hiding, until he was arrested with a group of Hizb ut-Tahrir youth by the Air Force Intelligence in 1991, to face the most severe forms of torture under the supervision of the criminals Ali Mamlouk and Jamil Hassan, where one of those who entered the interrogation room after a round of interrogation with Abu Osama and some of his comrades told me that he saw some pieces of flesh flying and blood on the walls of the interrogation room.

After more than a year in the cells of the Air Force Intelligence Branch in Mezzeh, he was transferred with the rest of his colleagues to Sednaya prison to be sentenced to ten years, of which he spent seven years patiently and expectantly, then God bestowed upon him relief.

After his release from prison, he continued to carry the call directly and continued until the arrests of the party's youth began, which included hundreds in Syria in the middle of December 1999, where his house in Beirut was raided and he was kidnapped to be transferred to the Air Force Intelligence Branch at Mezzeh Airport, to begin a new phase of terrible torture. Despite his old age, he was, with God's help, patient, steadfast, and expectant.

After nearly a year, he was transferred to Sednaya prison again, to be tried in the State Security Court, and later sentenced to ten years, of which God decreed that he spend nearly eight years, then God bestowed upon him relief.

I spent a full year with him in 2001 in Sednaya prison, but I was right next to him in the fifth dormitory (A) on the left of the third floor, I used to call him my dear uncle.

We used to eat together, sleep next to each other, and study culture and ideas. From him we gained culture and from him we learned patience and steadfastness.

He was tolerant, loved people, and was keen on the youth, instilling in them confidence in victory and the imminence of the fulfillment of God's promise.

He was a memorizer of the Book of God and he used to read it every day and night and he used to spend most of the night in prayer, and when dawn approached, he would shake me to wake me up for the night prayer and then for the dawn prayer.

I left prison and then returned to it in 2004, and we were transferred to Sednaya prison again in early 2005, to meet again with those who remained in prison when we left for the first time at the end of 2001, and among them was the dear uncle Abu Osama Ahmed Baker (Hazeem), may God have mercy on him.

We used to walk for long periods in front of the dormitories to forget with him the walls of the prison, the iron bars, and the separation from family and loved ones, how not, when he spent long years in prison and suffered what he suffered!

Despite my closeness to him and my companionship with him for long periods, I never saw him complain or grumble, as if he were not in prison, but soaring outside the walls of the prison; soaring with the Qur’an that he recites in most of his times, soaring with the wings of confidence in God’s promise and the glad tidings of His Messenger ﷺ of victory and empowerment.

We were in the darkest and most severe circumstances looking forward to the day of the great victory, the day when the glad tidings of our Messenger ﷺ are fulfilled "Then there will be a Khilafah according to the method of Prophethood." We longed to gather under the shade of the Khilafah and the banner of the Eagle fluttering. But God decreed that you move from the abode of misery to the abode of eternity and permanence.

We ask God to be in the highest Paradise and we do not purify anyone before God.

Our dear uncle, Abu Osama:

We ask God to cover you with His vast mercy, to dwell you in His spacious gardens, to make you with the righteous and the martyrs, and to reward you for the harm and torment you have suffered with the highest degrees in Paradise, and we ask Him, the Almighty, to gather us with you at the Cistern with our Messenger ﷺ and in a permanent abode of His mercy.

Our consolation is that you are arriving to the Most Merciful of the merciful, and we say only what pleases God, Indeed, we belong to God, and indeed, to Him we will return.

Written for the Media Office of Hizb ut-Tahrir

Abu Sateef Jijo