الرعاية الصحية في الدولة الإسلامية – الحلقة السابعة والعشرون
الرعاية الصحية في الدولة الإسلامية – الحلقة السابعة والعشرون

يشهد قطاع الصحة في العديد من الدول الغربية والبلاد الإسلامية تزايدا في ارتكاب أخطاء طبية قاتلة ومتكررة خاصة في المستشفيات، ففي بريطانيا مثلا، يذهب نحو 12 ألف مريض سنويا ضحية سوء تشخيص المرض والوصفات الطبية الخاطئة والعمليات الجراحية غير المناسبة، وكشف خبراء في مجال الصحة خلال ندوة عقدت بجدة أنه خلال خمس سنوات سجل 25 ألفاً و900 خطأ طبي في المستشفيات السعودية.

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February 26, 2024

الرعاية الصحية في الدولة الإسلامية – الحلقة السابعة والعشرون

الرعاية الصحية في الدولة الإسلامية – الحلقة السابعة والعشرون

سوف نتطرق في هذه الحلقة والتي تليها إلى تعليم الطب والتأهيل المهني والبحث العلمي

يشهد قطاع الصحة في العديد من الدول الغربية والبلاد الإسلامية تزايدا في ارتكاب أخطاء طبية قاتلة ومتكررة خاصة في المستشفيات، ففي بريطانيا مثلا، يذهب نحو 12 ألف مريض سنويا ضحية سوء تشخيص المرض والوصفات الطبية الخاطئة والعمليات الجراحية غير المناسبة، وكشف خبراء في مجال الصحة خلال ندوة عقدت بجدة أنه خلال خمس سنوات سجل 25 ألفاً و900 خطأ طبي في المستشفيات السعودية.

ومن ناحية أخرى انتشرت ظاهرة عالمية وصارت توضع لها التشريعات وتعقد لها المؤتمرات، وهي ظاهرة الأطباء المزيفين، ففي الخرطوم مثلا وبعد مداهمة العديد من العيادات تم ضبط ما يتراوح بين 30-40 طبيبا مزيفا، لم يدرسوا الطب ولا حتى أي مهنة طبية، بل منهم من لم يكمل مرحلة الابتدائي وشارك في عمليات جراحية ولسنوات، كما تم ضبط ﺑﺎﺋﻊ ﺧﻀﺎﺭ ﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮﺭﻳﻮﺱ ﻣﺰﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮﻡ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﺔ، ﻭﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﻣﺰﻭﺭة ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻮﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ.

لقد نهى الإسلام عن ممارسة التطبيب ممن لم يعرف منه الطب، فقد جاء في الحديث المرفوع الذي رواه أبو داود وابن ماجه عن عمر بن شعيب عن أبيه عن جده: «مَنْ تَطَبَّبَ وَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ مِنْهُ طِبٌّ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ»، ولفظ تطبب يدل على تكلف الشيء والدخول فيه بكلفة، ككونه ليس من أهله، أو كونه من أهل علمه النظري لكنه لا يحسن تطبيقه.


ولذلك كان على الدولة الإسلامية أن تضع معايير يعلم من خلالها من هو الطبيب من غيره، وأن تمنع من لم تنطبق عليه هذه المعايير من مزاولة الطب. فإن تكلف ما لم يكن من مجال علمه أو تخصصه فأضر بالمريض فإنه يكون مسؤولا عن جنايته، وضامنا بقدر ما أحدث من ضرر، لأنه يعتبر بعمله هذا متعديا، ويكون الضمان في ماله. ويشمل في حكم الضمان أيضا مساعدو الأطباء من ممرضين وأخصائيي أشعة أو صيادلة وغيرهم ممن مارس منهم المهنة دون أهلية معتبرة للقيام بها وأضر بالمريض.

ويتولى جهاز الحسبة منع أي شخص لم يحصل على الترخيص الملائم من تقديم الخدمة الصحية، ولا يكتفى بمجرد تضمينه الضرر الناتج عن فعله، بل يعزر بمقدار ما ادعى من علم ومارس من مهنة لم يكن أهلا لها، ويعاقب ويشهر به، لأن إدعاء الأهلية والعلم من الجاهل غش نهى عنه الشرع، فقد روى مسلم عن أبي هريرة أن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) قال «مَنْ غَشَّنَا فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا».

لقد كانت الدولة الإسلامية تراقب الممارسات الطبية والأطباء، فكانوا يمتحنون الأطباء والصيادلة، فقد امتحن الصيادلة زمن المأمون والمعتصم، وأمر الخليفة المقتدر الطبيب الكبير سنان بن ثابت بن قرة سنة 316 هـ بمنع سائر المتطببين من التصرف وممارسة مهنتهم إلا بعد إجراء امتحان لهم، فامتحن يومئذ أكثر من ثمانمائة طبيب. وكان كل من يقوم بممارسة مهنة الطب، يؤخذ عليه قَسَمُ الطبيب المسلم والذي كان يعتمد على المحافظة على سر المريض وعلاجه دون تمييز، وأن يحفظ كرامة المهنة وأسرارها.

لذلك يجب على الدولة الإسلامية أن تقيم لجنة من الأطباء المتخصصين ورجال التدريس مهمتهم وضع برنامج لتدريس الطب في الجامعات، ووضع الحد الأدنى من المواد الدراسية والمهارات المطلوب من الطبيب أن يلم بها ويتقنها حتى يمنح ترخيصا لمزاولة الطب. وتوضع أيضا برامج لكل تخصص طبي من قبل المتخصصين في ذلك المجال لمنح ترخيص بمزاولة تخصصات معينة من الطب لمن يتقنها، وذلك كالجراحة والباطنية وطب الأطفال وما إلى ذلك، وتؤسس لجان مشابهة لمهن التمريض والصيدلة وباقي المواضيع المتعلقة بالطب. 

أما الأطباء الذين درسوا الطب في جامعات خارج الدولة الإسلامية فينظر، فإن كان قد عمل في الطب مدة كافية في تلك الدولة بحيث اكتسب خبرة ودراية في مجاله، منح ترخيصا لمزاولة الطب، وإن لم يكن قد عمل مدة كافية أختبر في المواد الدراسية والمهارات المطلوبة ممن درس الطب في الدولة الإسلامية، فإن اجتاز الاختبار منح ترخيصا، وإلا فإنه يدرس ما ينقصه من المواد والمهارات حسب نتيجة الاختبار ثم يمنح الترخيص.



كما وتهتم الدولة بتدريس المهارات الطبية الأساسية كالإسعافات الأولية والإنعاش القلبي في دورات خاصة ومجانية، وتكون هذه الدورات إلزامية لأفراد الشرطة والجيش والمعلمين في المدارس، واختيارية لباقي الرعية. ويقام جهاز خاص بالإرشاد الصحي يكون تابعا لمصلحة الصحة ومرتبطا بمصلحة الإعلام وظيفته تقديم الإرشادات الصحية العامة للرعية عن طريق الإعلام، وتقديم الإرشادات الصحية الخاصة لكل قطاع وفق ما يلزمه، كالإرشادات الخاصة لعمال المناجم، والقوات المسلحة، والسائقين وغيرهم.

                                                        جمع وإعداد: راضية عبد الله

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Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche" - Episode Fifteen

Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche"

Prepared by Professor Muhammad Ahmad Al-Nadi

Episode Fifteen

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Imam of the pious, the Master of the Messengers, sent as a mercy to the worlds, our master Muhammad and all his family and companions. Make us with them, and gather us in their company, by your mercy, O Most Merciful of the merciful.

Dear listeners, listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir:

Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. In this episode, we continue our reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche." In order to build the Islamic personality, with attention to the Islamic mentality and the Islamic psyche, we say, with God's help: 

O Muslims:

We said in the last episode: It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back, just as it is Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. We add in this episode and say: It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother, according to the hadith of Abu Hurairah, which was reported by Bukhari in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, Abu Ya'la in his Musnad, Al-Nasa'i in Al-Kuna, and Ibn Abd Al-Barr in Al-Tamhid. Al-Iraqi said: The chain of narrators is good, and Ibn Hajar said in Al-Talkhis Al-Habir: Its chain of narrators is good, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Exchange gifts, you will love one another." 

It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it, according to the hadith of Aisha in Bukhari, who said: "The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, used to accept gifts and reward for them."

And the hadith of Ibn Umar in Ahmad, Abu Dawood, and Al-Nasa'i, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever seeks refuge in God, grant him refuge, and whoever asks you in the name of God, give him, and whoever seeks protection in God, protect him, and whoever does you a favor, reward him, and if you do not find anything, then supplicate for him until you know that you have rewarded him."

This is between brothers, and it has nothing to do with the gifts of the subjects to the rulers, as they are like bribery, which is forbidden. And one of the rewards is to say: May God reward you with good. 

Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Usama bin Zaid, may God be pleased with them both, and said it is good and authentic, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever has a favor done to him and says to the one who did it: "May God reward you with good," then he has exaggerated in the praise." And praise is gratitude, i.e., reward, especially from someone who finds nothing else, as Ibn Hibban narrated in his Sahih from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: I heard the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever is given a favor and does not find anything better than praise for it, then he has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with falsehood is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And with a good chain of narrators, Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is given a gift and finds something to repay it with, let him repay it, and if he does not find anything, let him praise it, for whoever praises it has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with what he has not been given is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And disbelieving in the gift means concealing and covering it up. 

With an authentic chain of narrators, Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa'i narrated from Anas, who said: "The Muhajirun said, "O Messenger of God, the Ansar have taken all the reward, we have not seen a people who are better at giving a lot, nor better at consoling in a little than them, and they have spared us the burden," he said: "Do you not praise them for it and supplicate for them?" They said: "Yes," he said: "That is for that." 

A Muslim should be grateful for the little as he is grateful for the much, and be grateful to the people who do him good, as Abdullah bin Ahmad narrated in his additions with a good chain of narrators from Al-Nu'man bin Bashir, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is not grateful for the little, is not grateful for the much, and whoever is not grateful to the people, is not grateful to God, and talking about God's blessings is gratitude, and leaving it is disbelief, and the group is mercy, and division is torment."

It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, as Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Musa, who said: "The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, was sitting when a man came asking, or seeking a need, he turned his face to us and said, "Intercede, so that you may be rewarded, and God will decree on the tongue of His Prophet what He wills."

And as Muslim narrated from Ibn Umar from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever is a connection for his Muslim brother to a person of authority for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, will be helped to cross the Path on the day when feet slip."

It is also recommended for a Muslim to defend the honor of his brother behind his back, as Al-Tirmidhi narrated and said this is a good hadith from Abu Al-Darda' from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother, God will ward off the fire from his face on the Day of Resurrection." This hadith of Abu Al-Darda' was narrated by Ahmad, and he said its chain of narrators is good, and Al-Haythami said the same. 

And what Ishaq bin Rahwayh narrated from Asma bint Yazid, who said: I heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother behind his back, it is a right upon God to free him from the Fire." 

Al-Quda'i narrated in Musnad al-Shihab from Anas, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever supports his brother behind his back, God will support him in this world and the hereafter." Al-Quda'i also narrated it from Imran bin Hussein with the addition: "And he is able to support him." And as Abu Dawood and Al-Bukhari narrated in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, and Al-Zain Al-Iraqi said: Its chain of narrators is good from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "The believer is the mirror of the believer, and the believer is the brother of the believer, from wherever he meets him, he protects him from his loss and surrounds him from behind."

O Muslims:

You have learned from the noble Prophetic hadiths mentioned in this episode and the previous episode that it is Sunnah for whoever loves a brother for the sake of God to inform him and let him know that he loves him. It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back. It is also Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother. It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it.

A Muslim should be grateful to the people who do him good. It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty. It is also recommended for him to defend the honor of his brother behind his back. So why don't we adhere to these Sharia rulings and all the rulings of Islam, so that we may be as our Lord loves and is pleased with, so that He may change what is within us, improve our conditions, and we may win the best of this world and the hereafter?! 

Dear listeners: Listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir: 

We will suffice with this amount in this episode, with the understanding that we will complete our reflections in the coming episodes, God willing. Until that time and until we meet you, we leave you in God's care, protection, and security. We thank you for your kind listening, and peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. 

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15
November 14, 2025

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15

Know, O Muslims!

Episode 15

Among the assisting bodies of the Khilafah state are the ministers whom the Caliph appoints to assist him in bearing the burdens of the Khilafah and fulfilling its responsibilities. The multitude of the Khilafah's burdens, especially as the Khilafah state grows and expands, makes it difficult for the Caliph to bear them alone, so he needs someone to help him bear them to fulfill its responsibilities. However, it is not correct to call them ministers without restriction, so that the meaning of the minister in Islam, which is in the sense of an assistant, is not confused with the meaning of the minister in the current man-made systems based on democratic, capitalist, secular, or other systems that we witness in the present era.