سلسلة "الخلافة والإمامة في الفكر الإسلامي"  للكاتب والمفكر ثائر سلامة – أبو مالك
سلسلة "الخلافة والإمامة في الفكر الإسلامي"  للكاتب والمفكر ثائر سلامة – أبو مالك

جاء في العدد الخامس والعشرين من مجلة الوعي: السيادة عند الغرب: هي امتلاك الإرادة وامتلاك التنفيذ، فإذا سُلبت الإرادة وصار تسييرها بيد الغير، يُصبح مسلوب الإرادة عبداً، وإذا سيّر إرادته بنفسه كان سيداً. أما السلطة عندهم فهي: ممارسة الحكم والقضاء. والفرق بين السيادة والسلطة هو أن السيادة تشمل الإرادة والتنفيذ أي تشمل تسيير الإرادة، وتشمل التنفيذ، بينما السلطة تختص فقط بالتنفيذ ولا تشمل الإرادة.

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May 15, 2022

سلسلة "الخلافة والإمامة في الفكر الإسلامي" للكاتب والمفكر ثائر سلامة – أبو مالك

سلسلة "الخلافة والإمامة في الفكر الإسلامي"

للكاتب والمفكر ثائر سلامة – أبو مالك

الحلقة السادسة والستون: ضمانات تحقيق الدولة القانونية بين التصور الإسلامي والتصور الغربي – ج2

للرجوع لصفحة الفهرس اضغط هنا

جاء في العدد الخامس والعشرين من مجلة الوعي:

السيادة عند الغرب: هي امتلاك الإرادة وامتلاك التنفيذ، فإذا سُلبت الإرادة وصار تسييرها بيد الغير، يُصبح مسلوب الإرادة عبداً، وإذا سيّر إرادته بنفسه كان سيداً.

أما السلطة عندهم فهي: ممارسة الحكم والقضاء. والفرق بين السيادة والسلطة هو أن السيادة تشمل الإرادة والتنفيذ أي تشمل تسيير الإرادة، وتشمل التنفيذ، بينما السلطة تختص فقط بالتنفيذ ولا تشمل الإرادة.

 أما عن الفرق بين مفهوم السلطة والسيادة عند الغرب، ومفهومها عند المسلمين فإن الغرب توصل إلى نظريتي السيادة للأمة، والأمة مصدر السلطات بعد صراعٍ دامٍ اجتاح أوروبا في القرون الوسطى واستمر عدة قرون، حيث كانت تُحكم من قبل ملوك يستعبدون الناس تحت إطار نظرية الحق الإلهي وهي: أن للملك حقاً إلهياً على الشعب، وبحكم هذا الحق الإلهي يملك الملوك السلطة والتشريع والقضاء ولا حق للشعب في هذه الأمور، والناس عبيد لا رأي لهم ولا إرادة، وإنما عليهم التنفيذ والطاعة، والظلم والاستبداد الذي يطال الأمة يأتي مما يتمتع به الملوك من حق التشريع وحق السلطة، فضجّ الناس وقامت الثورات وبرزت نظريات متعددة للقضاء على نظرية الحق الإلهي وإلغائها إلغاءً تاماً فكان أن برزت هاتان النظريتان عند الغرب. وتوصلوا إلى أن الشعب يجب أن يسير إرادته بنفسه لأنه ليس عبداً للملك، بل هو حرّ، وما دام الشعب هو السيد فهو الذي يملك التشريع والتنفيذ، ونجحت هذه الفكرة بعد الصراع الدامي، ووجدت المجالس النيابية لتنوب عن الأمة بمباشرة السيادة، فقالوا مجلس النواب سيد نفسه، فنظرية السيادة للأمة معناها أن الأمة تملك تسيير إرادتها وتملك تنفيذ هذه الإرادة، ونظرية الأمة مصدر السلطات معناها أن الأمة هي التي تُنيب الحاكم عنها ليحكم باسمها، سواء كان الحاكم منفذاً (سلطة تنفيذية) أم قاضياً (سلطة قضائية) فكلاهما حاكم وكل منهما سلطة.

ولما كانت الأمة تستطيع مباشرة تسيير الإرادة أي تستطيع التشريع فإنها تباشره بنفسها بواسطة نواب عنها[1]، ولذلك كان التشريع للأمة، ومن هنا لا يقال إن الأمة مصدر التشريع، بل يقال إن التشريع للأمة لأنها هي التي تباشره بنفسها[2]. أما السلطة فإن الأمة لا تستطيع مباشرتها بنفسها لتعذر ذلك عملياً، ومن هنا لم تكن السلطة للأمة بل السلطة يباشرها غير الأمة بتفويض منها، وإنابة عنها، فكانت هي المصدر للسلطة، أي هي التي تعطي السلطة لمن تنيبه عنها، تماماً كما ينيب السيد عبده، لينفذ ما يريد منه تنفيذه حسب إرادته، وكذلك الحاكم بما في ذلك القاضي. فإنه نائب عن الأمة ومفوض عنها بمباشرة السلطة وذلك حسب إرادتها، أي حسب ما تشرعه هي من قوانين.

وهذا الواقع للأمة في الغرب من حيث كونها سيدة نفسها يخالف واقع الأمة الإسلامية، فالأمة الإسلامية مأمورة بأن تسيّر جميع أعمالها بأحكام الشرع، فالمسلم عبدٌ لله، فهو لا يسيّر إرادته ولا ينفذ ما يريد، وإنما يسيّر إرادته بأوامر الله ونواهيه، ولكنه هو المنفذ، ولذلك فإن السيادة ليست للأمة وإنما هي للشرع، أما التنفيذ فهو للأمة، ولذلك كان السلطان للأمة.

ولما كانت الأمة لا تستطيع مباشرة السلطان بنفسها، لذلك لا بد لها أن تنيب عنها من يباشره.

وجاء الشرع وعين كيفية مباشرتها له بالبيعة ونظام الخلافة فكان السلطان للأمة تختار برضاها من يباشره عنها، ولكن حسب أحكام الشرع، أي ليس بحسب إرادتها بل حسب شرع الله. ومن هنا كانت السيادة للشرع، وكان السلطان للأمة[3]. انتهى


[1] ومن البديهي الآن أن فكرة أن النواب يشرعون باسم الأمة فكرة لا تنطبق على الواقع وهي فكرة مضللة، أنظر في هذا الكتاب باب:  الفصل بين السلطات في النظام الغربي، وهو مبدأ لا وجود له في الواقع.

[2] من ضمن القيم التي تقوم عليها الديمقراطية وتتوقف الديمقراطية عليها وجودا وعدما: تحكيم رأي الأغلبية في المجتمع، ومنع تركز السلطات بيد الأقلية، أو استغلالها، وتمثيل السلطات لرأي الشعب، وهذه القيم الثلاث يستحيل تحقيقها في الواقع، والنظام الغربي كله قائم على تمازج وتداخل السلطات وتركيزها بيد الأحزاب الحاكمة، والتشريعات يقوم بها قلة من فقهاء القانون والقضاة، ولا يرجع إلى الشعب إلا في أقل القليل منها، وللموضوع تفاصيل كثيرة جدا يصعب حصرها هنا، ولكن الديمقراطية فلسفة خيالية مضللة، يستحيل أن توجد في أرض الواقع!

[3] العدد الخامس والعشرين من مجلة الوعي

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Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche" - Episode Fifteen

Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche"

Prepared by Professor Muhammad Ahmad Al-Nadi

Episode Fifteen

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Imam of the pious, the Master of the Messengers, sent as a mercy to the worlds, our master Muhammad and all his family and companions. Make us with them, and gather us in their company, by your mercy, O Most Merciful of the merciful.

Dear listeners, listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir:

Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. In this episode, we continue our reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche." In order to build the Islamic personality, with attention to the Islamic mentality and the Islamic psyche, we say, with God's help: 

O Muslims:

We said in the last episode: It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back, just as it is Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. We add in this episode and say: It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother, according to the hadith of Abu Hurairah, which was reported by Bukhari in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, Abu Ya'la in his Musnad, Al-Nasa'i in Al-Kuna, and Ibn Abd Al-Barr in Al-Tamhid. Al-Iraqi said: The chain of narrators is good, and Ibn Hajar said in Al-Talkhis Al-Habir: Its chain of narrators is good, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Exchange gifts, you will love one another." 

It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it, according to the hadith of Aisha in Bukhari, who said: "The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, used to accept gifts and reward for them."

And the hadith of Ibn Umar in Ahmad, Abu Dawood, and Al-Nasa'i, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever seeks refuge in God, grant him refuge, and whoever asks you in the name of God, give him, and whoever seeks protection in God, protect him, and whoever does you a favor, reward him, and if you do not find anything, then supplicate for him until you know that you have rewarded him."

This is between brothers, and it has nothing to do with the gifts of the subjects to the rulers, as they are like bribery, which is forbidden. And one of the rewards is to say: May God reward you with good. 

Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Usama bin Zaid, may God be pleased with them both, and said it is good and authentic, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever has a favor done to him and says to the one who did it: "May God reward you with good," then he has exaggerated in the praise." And praise is gratitude, i.e., reward, especially from someone who finds nothing else, as Ibn Hibban narrated in his Sahih from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: I heard the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever is given a favor and does not find anything better than praise for it, then he has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with falsehood is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And with a good chain of narrators, Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is given a gift and finds something to repay it with, let him repay it, and if he does not find anything, let him praise it, for whoever praises it has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with what he has not been given is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And disbelieving in the gift means concealing and covering it up. 

With an authentic chain of narrators, Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa'i narrated from Anas, who said: "The Muhajirun said, "O Messenger of God, the Ansar have taken all the reward, we have not seen a people who are better at giving a lot, nor better at consoling in a little than them, and they have spared us the burden," he said: "Do you not praise them for it and supplicate for them?" They said: "Yes," he said: "That is for that." 

A Muslim should be grateful for the little as he is grateful for the much, and be grateful to the people who do him good, as Abdullah bin Ahmad narrated in his additions with a good chain of narrators from Al-Nu'man bin Bashir, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is not grateful for the little, is not grateful for the much, and whoever is not grateful to the people, is not grateful to God, and talking about God's blessings is gratitude, and leaving it is disbelief, and the group is mercy, and division is torment."

It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, as Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Musa, who said: "The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, was sitting when a man came asking, or seeking a need, he turned his face to us and said, "Intercede, so that you may be rewarded, and God will decree on the tongue of His Prophet what He wills."

And as Muslim narrated from Ibn Umar from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever is a connection for his Muslim brother to a person of authority for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, will be helped to cross the Path on the day when feet slip."

It is also recommended for a Muslim to defend the honor of his brother behind his back, as Al-Tirmidhi narrated and said this is a good hadith from Abu Al-Darda' from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother, God will ward off the fire from his face on the Day of Resurrection." This hadith of Abu Al-Darda' was narrated by Ahmad, and he said its chain of narrators is good, and Al-Haythami said the same. 

And what Ishaq bin Rahwayh narrated from Asma bint Yazid, who said: I heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother behind his back, it is a right upon God to free him from the Fire." 

Al-Quda'i narrated in Musnad al-Shihab from Anas, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever supports his brother behind his back, God will support him in this world and the hereafter." Al-Quda'i also narrated it from Imran bin Hussein with the addition: "And he is able to support him." And as Abu Dawood and Al-Bukhari narrated in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, and Al-Zain Al-Iraqi said: Its chain of narrators is good from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "The believer is the mirror of the believer, and the believer is the brother of the believer, from wherever he meets him, he protects him from his loss and surrounds him from behind."

O Muslims:

You have learned from the noble Prophetic hadiths mentioned in this episode and the previous episode that it is Sunnah for whoever loves a brother for the sake of God to inform him and let him know that he loves him. It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back. It is also Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother. It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it.

A Muslim should be grateful to the people who do him good. It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty. It is also recommended for him to defend the honor of his brother behind his back. So why don't we adhere to these Sharia rulings and all the rulings of Islam, so that we may be as our Lord loves and is pleased with, so that He may change what is within us, improve our conditions, and we may win the best of this world and the hereafter?! 

Dear listeners: Listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir: 

We will suffice with this amount in this episode, with the understanding that we will complete our reflections in the coming episodes, God willing. Until that time and until we meet you, we leave you in God's care, protection, and security. We thank you for your kind listening, and peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. 

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15
November 14, 2025

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15

Know, O Muslims!

Episode 15

Among the assisting bodies of the Khilafah state are the ministers whom the Caliph appoints to assist him in bearing the burdens of the Khilafah and fulfilling its responsibilities. The multitude of the Khilafah's burdens, especially as the Khilafah state grows and expands, makes it difficult for the Caliph to bear them alone, so he needs someone to help him bear them to fulfill its responsibilities. However, it is not correct to call them ministers without restriction, so that the meaning of the minister in Islam, which is in the sense of an assistant, is not confused with the meaning of the minister in the current man-made systems based on democratic, capitalist, secular, or other systems that we witness in the present era.