The Series "Caliphate and Imamate in Islamic Thought"
By the Writer and Thinker Thaer Salama - Abu Malek
Episode Twenty-Three: The Second Section of the Research "The Intellectual Aspect: Judging the Human's Ability to Legislate"
Who is the ruler? Who has the right to legislate? Is it for God Almighty or for humans?
As a result of the secret of life existing in every human being, as in animals, we found certain characteristics that cannot be completely erased from this living being, pushing it to tend to perform actions or tend to refrain from actions, some of which it can only satisfy, and some of which, if it does not satisfy, remain anxious. What was part of the essence cannot be erased or suppressed, and we described it as a characteristic, represented by instincts and organic needs, and what could be erased or suppressed, we called it a manifestation of this vital energy.
Looking at these characteristics and manifestations, we saw that they are divided into two groups according to their relationship with satisfaction, and the factor that provokes them. Organic needs are aroused from within when a person is hungry for sleep, food, drink, and so on, which, if not done, could lead to death, so satisfying them was inevitable, and their arousal was from within.
And among them are instincts, which are what their satisfaction is as a whole, even if it is inevitable, meaning that a person must satisfy one of its manifestations at the expense of another manifestation (for example, fear and courage are two manifestations of the instinct of survival), and instincts exist in the form of manifestations, which can be grouped into three groups: the instinct to preserve the species, the instinct to survive, and the instinct to sanctify or religiousness, and satisfying these manifestations (fear, courage, attraction to the opposite sex, maternal affection... etc.) is not inevitable and not satisfying them does not lead to death.
Vital energy is satisfied in one of the following four ways:
Either by correct satisfaction, wrong satisfaction, abnormal satisfaction, or never being satisfied.
The clearest example that illustrates this is the manifestation of sex from the species instinct, as it is either satisfied through marriage, which is the correct satisfaction according to Islamic law, or wrong satisfaction: through adultery, according to the ruling of Islamic law that it is wrong satisfaction, or abnormal satisfaction, through same-sex marriage or bestiality, or that a person never marries and does not approach women and turns away from that to monasticism, science, or replacing it with maternal affection.
What determines that the satisfaction is correct or wrong is the intellectual basis through which a person judges, otherwise, if the judgment was only for the concepts of things in isolation from the concepts of life, the matter of marriage and adultery would be the same.
As for abnormal satisfaction, it is because the satisfaction takes place in a direction that is not a place for satisfaction, which diverts from the desired result in the end from the manifestation of sex in the species instinct, which is preserving the continuation of the species, so it is abnormal because it does not usually lead to the continuation of the species, it may happen that marriage does not lead to children, but it usually leads to it, but this does not happen in abnormal satisfaction, so contemplate.
In this life, a person performs actions towards the things that God Almighty has subjugated to him in the universe, in order to satisfy his instincts and organic needs. A person's behavior is motivated by an organic need or instinct that drives him to satisfy it. When he eats, he eats to satisfy his hunger, and when he is full and eats more, he is fulfilling his desire for ownership that stems from the manifestation of ownership, in the instinct of survival, and when he marries, he is satisfying the instinct of the species, and when the adulterer commits adultery, he is also satisfying the instinct of the species in a wrong way, judged by the Islamic faith, and so on. Needless to say, behavior is controlled by concepts that guide a person, so that satisfaction process is controlled by a fence of intellectual controls that prevent and allow, so a person is higher than animals that do not mind satisfying instincts and organic needs in any way!
Every action in this worldly life is motivated by a motive that goes back to satisfying a manifestation of an instinct or an organic need that requires satisfaction. So behavior is a person's actions that he performs to satisfy his instincts or organic needs. This behavior is the result of concepts formed in a person about things, and concepts formed about the universe, man, and life that control his concepts about things, and therefore control the satisfaction process and govern behavior.
As for the concepts about things, it is that fruits, sleep, drink, breathing, and so on satisfy the body's organic need, that a woman satisfies a man's instinct, that fear is one of the manifestations of the survival instinct in living beings, and that a person tends to save a drowning person in satisfaction of the species instinct, and so on. These concepts about them are almost the same among humans, and living beings also share the existence of such concepts with humans (i.e., organic needs and instincts). No sane person would say that a person is distinguished from others because he loves vegetables, or that a person is lower than others because he does not drink a lot of water, but a person who limits his thinking about life to such concepts, and his behavior in life, i.e., his actions emanating from his concepts about things based only on those understandings of the reality of those things, and does not link them to other ideas about life, is undoubtedly a low person.
Therefore, understanding the reality of the thing (its essence, its truth, its characteristics and qualities) goes back to the mind, and is done by observation or by subjecting the substance to experimentation, and the result of these experiments is speculative, approaching in reaching the essence but not reaching certainty
[1] How many studies have proven the harm of coffee, and how many studies have shown its great benefits, and how many studies have been found to be wrong after a while, or applicable to Zaid and not applicable to Obaid, and so on!
