Summary of the book "The Agencies" - 5
The Minister of Implementation is the minister appointed by the Caliph to be his assistant in implementation, pursuit, and performance, and he is an intermediary between the Caliph and others.
The Caliph performs the ruling and implementation, and his work includes administrative tasks, and he needs to find an agency to carry out these tasks. Therefore, there must be an assistant for implementation to assist the Caliph, and the Minister of Implementation implements the rulings and administrative works issued by the Caliph.
It is not permissible for the Implementation Assistant to be a woman, because the work of the Implementation Assistant requires him to meet with the Caliph alone at any time of the night or day, and this does not suit the circumstances of women according to the provisions of Sharia. And he may not be an infidel because he is from the Caliph's inner circle. The Minister of Implementation is an intermediary between the Caliph on the one hand, and the nation, international relations, government agencies and the army on the other. He follows up on government agencies unless the Caliph asks him to stop following up. As for international relations and the army, they are mostly confidential, so he does not pursue them unless the Caliph asks him to do so. As for relations with the nation, taking care of them is the Caliph's business, so he does not pursue them unless the Caliph asks him to do so.
The state is divided into units called states, which are governed by a governor, and the states are divided into districts, which are governed by a commissioner, and the districts are divided into administrative units, each of which is called a "qasbah", and each "qasbah" is divided into smaller administrative units, each of which is called a "neighborhood". The head of the "qasbah" and the "neighborhood" is called a director, and his work is administration. These (the governor and the commissioner) are appointed and assigned by the Caliph, and they must meet the same conditions as the Caliph, i.e. they must be a free, adult, sane, just, and competent Muslim man. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to choose governors from among the righteous and knowledgeable people known for their piety, and from those who are good at working in what they are in charge of, and from those who instill the hearts of the people with faith and the prestige of the state.
The governor is dismissed if the Caliph sees fit, or if the people of his state or their representatives complain about him. Therefore, we adopt that a state council be elected for each state to help the governor understand the reality of his state, and to take their opinion on the governor's rule if necessary. It is permissible to dismiss the governor with or without a reason, as Omar bin Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, used to do. The Caliph has the right to dismiss the governor whenever he wants, and he must dismiss him if the people of his state complain about him.
In the early ages, the governors were divided into governors of prayer, i.e. governors of ruling, and governors of Kharaj (land tax). If one of them was appointed to prayer, i.e. ruling alone, or was appointed to Kharaj alone, his governorship was specific. But if one of them was appointed to ruling and Kharaj, then his governorship would be general. Appointing a governor is either general in all matters of governance, or specific, such as being appointed to money or judiciary, and this is evident from the actions of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. This matter is up to the Caliph's opinion.
Weakness appeared during the Abbasid state due to the general governorship of the governors, as they were independent in ruling and only followed the Caliph by praying for him on the pulpits and minting coins in his name. Therefore, the governorship of the governor must be specialized in a way that makes him not independent, i.e. he is appointed in everything except money, the army, and the judiciary. Rather, each of these three is assigned a separate agency that reports to the Caliph like any other state agency.
Likewise, the governor is not transferred from one place to another, but is relieved and appointed again; because his appointment is a contract of the contracts that are concluded with an explicit wording. In the governorship contract, the place in which the governor rules is determined, and he retains the authority to rule in that place unless the Caliph dismisses him. If he is transferred to another place, then he is not dismissed from his first place by this transfer; because his separation from the first place requires an explicit wording of dismissal, and his appointment to the place to which he was transferred requires a new appointment contract specific to that place.
The Caliph must follow up on the conditions of the governors, ask them about their actions, ask the people about their complaints against the governors, and gather them - or a section of them - from time to time. The Caliph must be strict in monitoring them, whether directly or by appointing someone to act on his behalf to uncover their conditions. But with his severity, he must maintain their prestige in ruling, and he must listen to them and listen to their arguments. If he is convinced, he should not hide his conviction.
