Summary of the Book of Systems - 6
The primary task of the state after implementing the rulings of Islam internally is to carry the Islamic call abroad. The fundamental method Islam has established for carrying the call abroad is Jihad. Jihad requires an army, an army needs weapons, and weapons necessitate manufacturing. This necessitates that industry within the state be built upon a foundation of military industry. Internal security is necessary for the army to dedicate itself to fighting and not be preoccupied with stabilizing the internal situation. Similarly, foreign relations are fundamentally centered around carrying the call. Therefore, these four departments: the army, internal security, industry, and foreign affairs, can be a single department, for which the Caliph appoints an emir because they are related to Jihad. Alternatively, each of these departments can be separate, with a director appointed for each and an emir appointed for the army. It has been established in the Sunnah that each of these departments is separate, with a responsible individual for each.
The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to appoint emirs over armies. Regarding internal security, Qais bin Saad was to the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, like the chief of police to the emir. In industry, the Prophet, peace be upon him, ordered the manufacture of catapults and tanks. From this, it is understood that military industry is the responsibility of the Caliph, and a director is placed over it to manage it. Establishing military factories is obligatory because deterring the enemy requires preparation, and preparation requires factories. The factories that the state must establish due to its obligation to care for the people are of two types: the first is public property factories. This type of factory should be owned as public property by all Muslims, according to the material it manufactures, and the state establishes it on behalf of the Muslims. The second type of factory is weapons factories. As for the matter of international relations, the Caliph may appoint a director for it, like any other state apparatus. Accordingly, these four departments can be one department, the department of Jihad, or they can be separate. However, we adopt the separation of these departments due to the breadth of their scope, so that the powers of the emir of Jihad do not become too extensive, making him a center of power in the state, which could cause harm if his piety weakens.
The Department of Military Affairs is a state apparatus, and its head is called the Emir of Jihad. The Department of Military Affairs handles all matters related to the armed forces, including weapons, equipment, military missions, deploying spies on warring infidels, and so on.
The method of the call is Jihad, and it is an obligation. God Almighty has made Jihad obligatory for every Muslim, as well as military training. Any person who reaches the age of fifteen must train in soldiery, because fighting requires training, and what is indispensable to fulfilling an obligation is itself obligatory. Furthermore, this training and high combat experience is part of preparing the army for deterrence. Enlistment, which is the permanent presence of soldiers in the army, is a collective obligation. There must be mujahideen who are actively engaged in Jihad and its requirements, because the obligation of Jihad is a continuous, ongoing obligation.
The army is divided into two parts: a permanent part and a reserve part. All Muslims must be a reserve army, because Jihad is obligatory for every Muslim. As for the permanent part, it must exist because it is impossible to continuously engage in Jihad and protect Muslims without it, and what is indispensable to fulfilling an obligation is itself obligatory. The employees of this permanent army receive salaries. Non-Muslims among them are hired to fight, and hiring is a contract for benefit, so it is permissible to hire a person for soldiery. As for the Muslim, it is permissible to hire him to perform worship if its benefit extends beyond the performer. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The most worthy thing for which you take a wage is the Book of God," and his saying, peace and blessings be upon him: "For the raider is his reward, and for the provider is his reward and the reward of the raider." The raider is the one who raids himself, and the provider is the one who has someone else raid on his behalf for a wage. The hadith indicates the permissibility of a man paying another a wage to raid on his behalf. The reward here means the wage. So, in addition to their reward from God in their Jihad, they are given salaries like employees.
The army is made into one army composed of several armies, and each is given a number. The army is divided into camps, some of which are in various provinces, some in military bases, and some in mobile camps. Some of these arrangements are permissible and left to the Caliph's discretion, such as naming the armies, and some are of the type that are indispensable to fulfilling an obligation, such as being necessary to protect the country, like arranging the army in border regions.
