Summary of the Book of Thinking - Episode 1
Man is the best of creatures, because he is distinguished from others by his mind. It was therefore necessary to define the mind, and the thinking that is the fruit of the mind, just as knowledge is the fruit of thinking.
Humanity's interest has been focused on the product of the mind more than the mind itself. Although there have been some attempts to define the mind, they were unsuccessful and their authors were unsuccessful. The Greek philosophers, in their definition of the mind, reached logic, and this was a disaster for knowledge. They also defined philosophy as meaning delving into what is beyond matter, i.e. existence, so it was far from reality.
Their failure to know the reality of thinking is due to the fact that they did not research the mind, which is the basis of thinking, where the origin is that the mind should be researched, then thinking, and then after that it can be judged whether knowledge is science, culture, or otherwise.
All attempts to define the mind have not risen to the level of consideration, with the exception of the communists' attempt, who, if not for their insistence on atheism, would have reached the correct definition, as they researched what was found first, thought or reality, and said that reality existed before thought, because they denied the existence of anything before matter, so they said that the mind is a reflection of matter on the brain, which is close to the truth. Reality is indispensable for the occurrence of the mental process, as is the brain, but they were wrong when they said that it is a reflection, as well as in their saying that reality existed before thought, because if they said otherwise, this would mean that the one who gave thought to man is other than reality, and this contradicts their saying that the world is eternal, so they imagine how the first man was conducting experiments on reality until he was guided to knowledge, and they did not realize that the existence of prior information is necessary for the mental process, otherwise the animal would think; Because he has a mind, but he does not have prior information.
The verse that indicates that God taught Adam the names indicates that prior information is a necessary condition for the mental process. The mental process is not a reflection, but rather a feeling; Because reflection requires that there be a possibility of reflection in the brain and reality (like a mirror), but the brain does not have the possibility of reflection, but rather what happens is a feeling through the five senses, and the sense is transmitted to the brain, and this is evident in material things, as for moral things, there must be a feeling, for example, that society is corrupt. Material things are felt naturally, even if it strengthens and weakens according to the understanding of their nature, so intellectual feeling is the strongest type of feeling. As for non-material things, they are not felt except with an understanding of them or through imitation.
But this feeling alone does not lead to the mental process, so feeling plus feeling plus a million feelings only leads to feeling, so there had to be prior information. For example, if we gave someone a Syriac book and he knows nothing about this language, then a mental process will not occur, and it cannot be said that the reality of languages is different, because the mental process is one. Likewise, if we gave a child a stone, copper, and gold, he would not be able to know what their nature is, and even if we gave him their names without their names being associated with the reality of each of them, then he would not distinguish the stone, for example. This is of course from the point of view of mental perception, but from the point of view of emotional perception, it is a result of instincts and organic needs, and it happens in humans as well as animals. He knows from repeatedly giving him an apple that it is eaten, and a mental process cannot occur from him.
What some people suspect is that the previous information may be obtained from the person's own experiences or from receiving, is refuted by looking at the difference between humans and animals, and the difference between needs and instincts and judging things. The difference between humans and animals lies in the connection, as animals do not have a connection, but rather a retrieval of feeling. For example, a cow avoids poisonous grass and eats non-poisonous grass, but the movements that the animal makes in the circus are imitation and mimicry. As for what is related to instinct, the animal naturally feels it, and from the repetition of the feeling, it retrieves it, but what is not related to instinct, it does not do it naturally, and if it feels it and the feeling is repeated, it retrieves it and then does it. As for the difference between instincts, needs, and judging things, humans and animals can, through feeling things and repeating the feeling of them, form information, but it is within the limits of needs and instincts and does not go beyond it in terms of judging things as they are, but the process of connection is in everything, whether in instincts, needs, or in judging things, prior information is necessary in the connection process.
It is not correct to think about the first human and measure him against the current human, so that the present is measured against the absent, but the absent must be measured against the present. The current human needs prior information in order to carry out the mental process.
Thinking is only done by humans; Because he alone has a brain with the property of connection, and there must be prior information before the existence of reality.
In order for the mental process to be complete, there must be four pillars: the brain, which has the property of connection, reality, prior information, and feeling. The mind is the transfer of the feeling of reality to the brain with prior information that is used to interpret this reality.
